Anion Gap Blood Test: What High and Low Results Mean

What brings you in today?

Explanation

(References)

• * Thorp JA, Dildy GA, Yeomans ER, Meyer BA, Parisi VM. Umbilical cord blood gas analysis at delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996 Sep;175(3 Pt 1):517-22. doi: 10.1053/ob.1996.v175.a74401. PMID: 8828408.

• * McArthur C. Indirect calorimetry. Respir Care Clin N Am. 1997 Jun;3(2):291-307. PMID: 9390913.

• * ASTRUP P. [Diagnosis of acid-base imbalance. I. Definitions, theory, calculation and analytic methods and normal values]. Ugeskr Laeger. 1954 May 20;116(20):758-65. PMID: 13179305.

• * CAILLOUD H. [Normal alkali-reserve values in childhood]. Z Kinderheilkd. 1959;82:677-83. PMID: 13806814.

• * WALAAS E, WALAAS O. Physiological variations and normal values of the total bases in blood serum. Acta Physiol Scand. 1949 Mar 12;17(2-3):235-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00570.x. PMID: 18149756.

• * Bateman RM, Sharpe MD, Jagger JE, Ellis CG, Solé-Violán J, López-Rodríguez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Ruíz-Hernández J, Borderías L, Horcajada J, González-Quevedo N, Rajas O, Briones M, Rodríguez de Castro F, Rodríguez Gallego C, Esen F, Orhun G, Ergin Ozcan P, Senturk E, Ugur Yilmaz C, Orhan N, Arican N, Kaya M, Kucukerden M, Giris M, Akcan U, Bilgic Gazioglu S, Tuzun E, Riff R, Naamani O, Douvdevani A, Takegawa R, Yoshida H, Hirose T, Yamamoto N, Hagiya H, Ojima M, Akeda Y, Tasaki O, Tomono K, Shimazu T, Ono S, Kubo T, Suda S, Ueno T, Ikeda T, Hirose T, Ogura H, Takahashi H, Ojima M, Kang J, Nakamura Y, Kojima T, Shimazu T, Ikeda T, Suda S, Izutani Y, Ueno T, Ono S, Taniguchi T, O M, Dinter C, Lotz J, Eilers B, Wissmann C, Lott R, Meili MM, Schuetz PS, Hawa H, Sharshir M, Aburageila M, Salahuddin N, Chantziara V, Georgiou S, Tsimogianni A, Alexandropoulos P, Vassi A, Lagiou F, Valta M, Micha G, Chinou E, Michaloudis G, Kodaira A, Ikeda T, Ono S, Ueno T, Suda S, Izutani Y, Imaizumi H, De la Torre-Prados MV, Garcia-De la Torre A, Enguix-Armada A, Puerto-Morlan A, Perez-Valero V, Garcia-Alcantara A, Bolton N, Dudziak J, Bonney S, Tridente A, Nee P, Nicolaes G, Wiewel M, Schultz M, Wildhagen K, Horn J, Schrijver R, Van der Poll T, Reutelingsperger C, Pillai S, Davies G, Mills G, Aubrey R, Morris K, Williams P, Evans P, Gayat EG, Struck J, Cariou A, Deye N, Guidet B, Jabert S, Launay J, Legrand M, Léone M, Resche-Rigon M, Vicaut E, Vieillard-Baron A, Mebazaa A, Arnold R, Capan M, Linder A, Akesson P, Popescu M, Tomescu D, Sprung CL, Calderon Morales R, Munteanu G, Orenbuch-Harroch E, Levin P, Kasdan H, Reiter A, Volker T, Himmel Y, Cohen Y, Meissonnier J, Girard L, Rebeaud F, Herrmann I, Delwarde B, Peronnet E, Cerrato E, Venet F, Lepape A, Rimmelé T, Monneret G, Textoris J, Beloborodova N, Moroz V, Osipov A, Bedova A, Sarshor Y, Pautova A, Sergeev A, Chernevskaya E, Odermatt J, Bolliger R, Hersberger L, Ottiger M, Christ-Crain M, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Sharma NK, Tashima AK, Brunialti MK, Machado FR, Assuncao M, Rigato O, Salomao R, Cajander SC, Rasmussen G, Tina E, Söderquist B, Källman J, Strålin K, Lange AL, Sundén-Cullberg JS, Magnuson AM, Hultgren OH, Davies G, Pillai S, Mills G, Aubrey R, Morris K, Williams P, Evans P, Pillai S, Davies G, Mills G, Aubrey R, Morris K, Williams P, Evans P, Pillai S, Davies G, Mills G, Aubrey R, Morris K, Williams P, Evans P, Van der Geest P, Mohseni M, Linssen J, De Jonge R, Duran S, Groeneveld J, Miller R III, Lopansri BK, McHugh LC, Seldon A, Burke JP, Johnston J, Reece-Anthony R, Bond A, Molokhia A, Mcgrath C, Nsutebu E, Bank Pedersen P, Pilsgaard Henriksen D, Mikkelsen S, Touborg Lassen A, Tincu R, Cobilinschi C, Tomescu D, Ghiorghiu Z, Macovei R, Wiewel MA, Harmon MB, Van Vught LA, Scicluna BP, Hoogendijk AJ, Horn J, Zwinderman AH, Cremer OL, Bonten MJ, Schultz MJ, Van der Poll T, Juffermans NP, Wiersinga WJ, Eren G, Tekdos Y, Dogan M, Acicbe O, Kaya E, Hergunsel O, Alsolamy S, Ghamdi G, Alswaidan L, Alharbi S, Alenezi F, Arabi Y, Heaton J, Boyce A, Nolan L, Johnston J, Dukoff-Gordon A, Dean A, Molokhia A, Mann Ben Yehudah T, Fleischmann C, Thomas-Rueddel D, Haas C, Dennler U, Reinhart K, Suntornlohanakul O, Khwannimit B, Breckenridge F, Puxty A, Szturz P, Folwarzcny P, Svancara J, Kula R, Sevcik P, Caneva L, Casazza A, Bellazzi E, Marra S, Pagani L, Vetere M, Vanzino R, Ciprandi D, Preda R, Boschi R, Carnevale L, Lopez V, Aguilar Arzapalo M, Barradas L, Escalante A, Gongora J, Cetina M, Adamik B, Jakubczyk D, Kübler A, Radford A, Lee T, Singer J, Boyd J, Fineberg D, Williams M, Russell J, Scarlatescu E, Tomescu D, Droc G, Arama S, Müller M, Straat M, Zeerleder SS, Juffermans NP, Fuchs CF, Scheer CS, Wauschkuhn SW, Vollmer MV, Meissner KM, Kuhn SK, Hahnenkamp KH, Rehberg SR, Gründling MG, Yamamoto N, Ojima M, Hamaguchi S, Hirose T, Akeda Y, Takegawa R, Tasaki O, Shimazu T, Tomono K, Gómez-Sánchez E, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Álvarez-Fuente E, Lorenzo-López M, Gómez-Pesquera E, Aragón-Camino M, Liu-Zhu P, Sánchez-López A, Hernández-Lozano A, Peláez-Jareño MT, Tamayo E, Thomas-Rüddel DO, Fleischmann C, Haas C, Dennler U, Reinhart K, Adora V, Kar A, Chakraborty A, Roy S, Bandyopadhyay A, Das M, Mann Ben Yehudah T, BenYehudah G, Salim M, Kumar N, Arabi L, Burger T, Lephart P, Toth-martin E, Valencia C, Hammami N, Blot S, Vincent JL, Lambert ML, Brunke J, Riemann T, Roschke I, Tincu R, Cobilinschi C, Tomescu D, Ghiorghiu Z, Macovei R, Nimitvilai S, Jintanapramote K, Jarupongprapa S, Adukauskiene D, Valanciene D, Bose G, Lostarakos V, Carr B, Khedher S, Maaoui A, Ezzamouri A, Salem M, Chen J, Cranendonk DR, Van Vught LA, Wiewel MA, Cremer OL, Horn J, Bonten MJ, Schultz MJ, Van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ, Day M, Penrice G, Roy K, Robertson P, Godbole G, Jones B, Booth M, Donaldson L, Kawano Y, Ishikura H, Al-Dorzi H, Almutairi M, Alhamadi B, Crizaldo Toledo A, Khan R, Al Raiy B, Arabi Y, Talaie H, Van Oers JA, Harts A, Nieuwkoop E, Vos P, Boussarsar Y, Boutouta F, Kamoun S, Mezghani I, Koubaji S, Ben Souissi A, Riahi A, Mebazaa MS, Giamarellos-Bourboulis E, Tziolos N, Routsi C, Katsenos C, Tsangaris I, Pneumatikos I, Vlachogiannis G, Theodorou V, Prekates A, Antypa E, Koulouras V, Kapravelos N, Gogos C, Antoniadou E, Mandragos K, Armaganidis A, Robles Caballero AR, Civantos B, Figueira JC, López J, Silva-Pinto A, Ceia F, Sarmento A, Santos L, Almekhlafi G, Sakr Y, Al-Dorzi H, Khan R, Baharoon S, Aldawood A, Matroud A, Alchin J, Al Johani S, Balkhy H, Arabi Y, Alsolamy S, Yousif SY, Alotabi BO, Alsaawi AS, Ang J, Curran MD, Enoch D, Navapurkar V, Morris A, Sharvill R, Astin J, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Gómez-Sánchez E, Peláez-Jareño MT, Gómez-Pesquera E, Lorenzo-López M, Liu-Zhu P, Aragón-Camino M, Hernández-Lozano A, Sánchez-López A, Álvarez-Fuente E, Tamayo E, Patel J, Kruger C, O’Neal J, Rhodes H, Jancik J, François B, Laterre PF, Eggimann P, Torres A, Sánchez M, Dequin PF, Bassi GL, Chastre J, Jafri HS, Ben Romdhane M, Douira Z, Kamoun S, Bousselmi M, Ben Souissi A, Boussarsar Y, Riahi A, Mebazaa MS, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Craven TH, Wojcik G, Kefala K, McCoubrey J, Reilly J, Paterson R, Inverarity D, Laurenson I, Walsh TS, Mongodi S, Bouhemad B, Orlando A, Stella A, Via G, Iotti G, Braschi A, Mojoli F, Haliloglu M, Bilgili B, Kasapoglu U, Sayan I, Süzer Aslan M, Yalcın A, Cinel I, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Ellis HE, Bauchmuller K, Miller D, Temple A, Chastre J, François B, Torres A, Luyt CE, Sánchez M, Singer M, Jafri HS, Nassar Y, Ayad MS, Trifi A, Abdellatif S, Daly F, Nasri R, Ben Lakhal S, Bilgili B, Haliloglu M, Gul F, Cinel I, Kuzovlev A, Shabanov A, Polovnikov S, Moroz V, Kadrichu N, Dang T, Corkery K, Challoner P, Bassi GL, Aguilera E, Chiurazzi C, Travierso C, Motos A, Fernandez L, Amaro R, Senussi T, Idone F, Bobi J, Rigol M, Torres A, Hodiamont CJ, Juffermans NP, Janssen JM, Bouman CS, Mathôt RA, De Jong MD, Van Hest RM, Payne L, Fraser GL, Tudor B, Lahner M, Roth G, Krenn C, Talaie H, Jault P, Gabard J, Leclerc T, Jennes S, Que Y, Rousseau A, Ravat F, Al-Dorzi H, Eissa A, Al-Harbi S, Aldabbagh T, Khan R, Arabi Y, Trifi A, Abdellatif. S, Daly F, Nasri R, Ben Lakhal S, Paramba F, Purayil N, Naushad V, Mohammad O, Negi V, Chandra P, Kleinsasser A, Witrz MR, Buchner-Doeven JF, Tuip-de Boer AM, Goslings JC, Juffermans NP, Van Hezel M, Straat M, Boing A, Van Bruggen R, Juffermans N, Markopoulou D, Venetsanou K, Kaldis V, Koutete D, Chroni D, Alamanos I, Koch L, Jancik J, Rhodes H, Walter E, Maekawa K, Hayakawa M, Kushimoto S, Shiraishi A, Kato H, Sasaki J, Ogura H, Matauoka T, Uejima T, Morimura N, Ishikura H, Hagiwara A, Takeda M, Tarabrin O, Shcherbakow S, Gavrychenko D, Mazurenko G, Ivanova V, Chystikov O, Plourde C, Lessard J, Chauny J, Daoust R, Shcherbakow S, Tarabrin O, Gavrychenko D, Mazurenko G, Chystikov O, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Kropman L, In het Panhuis L, Konings J, Huskens D, Schurgers E, Roest M, De Laat B, Lance M, Durila M, Lukas P, Astraverkhava M, Jonas J, Budnik I, Shenkman B, Hayami H, Koide Y, Goto T, Iqbal R, Alhamdi Y, Venugopal N, Abrams S, Downey C, Toh CH, Welters ID, Bombay VB, Chauny JM, Daoust RD, Lessard JL, Marquis MM, Paquet JP, Siemens K, Sangaran D, Hunt BJ, Durward A, Nyman A, Murdoch IA, Tibby SM, Ampatzidou F, Moisidou D, Dalampini E, Nastou M, Vasilarou E, Kalaizi V, Chatzikostenoglou H, Drossos G, Spadaro S, Fogagnolo A, Fiore T, Schiavi A, Fontana V, Taccone F, Volta C, Chochliourou E, Volakli E, Violaki A, Samkinidou E, Evlavis G, Panagiotidou V, Sdougka M, Mothukuri R, Battle C, Guy K, Mills G, Evans P, Wijesuriya J, Keogh S, Docherty A, O’Donnell R, Brunskill S, Trivella M, Doree C, Holst L, Parker M, Gregersen M, Almeida J, Walsh T, Stanworth S, Moravcova S, Mansell J, Rogers A, Smith RA, Hamilton-Davies C, Omar A, Allam M, Bilala O, Kindawi A, Ewila H, Ampatzidou F, Moisidou D, Nastou M, Dalampini E, Malamas A, Vasilarou E, Drossos G, Ferreira G, Caldas J, Fukushima J, Osawa EA, Arita E, Camara L, Zeferino S, Jardim J, Gaioto F, Dallan L, Jatene FB, Kalil Filho R, Galas F, Hajjar LA, Mitaka C, Ohnuma T, Murayama T, Kunimoto F, Nagashima M, Takei T, Tomita M, Omar A, Mahmoud K, Hanoura S, Sudarsanan S, Sivadasan P, Othamn H, Shouman Y, Singh R, Al Khulaifi A, Mandel I, Mikheev S, Suhodolo I, Kiselev V, Svirko Y, Podoksenov Y, Jenkins SA, Griffin R, Tovar Doncel MS, Lima A, Aldecoa C, Ince C, Taha A, Shafie A, Mostafa M, Syed N, Hon H, Righetti F, Colombaroli E, Castellano G, Righetti F, Colombaroli E, Hravnak M, Chen LC, Dubrawski AD, Clermont GC, Pinsky MR, Gonzalez S, Macias D, Acosta J, Jimenez P, Loza A, Lesmes A, Lucena F, Leon C, Tovar Doncel MS, Ince C, Aldecoa C, Lima A, Bastide M, Richecoeur J, Frenoy E, Lemaire C, Sauneuf B, Tamion F, Nseir S, Du Cheyron D, Dupont H, Maizel J, Shaban M, Kolko R, Salahuddin N, Sharshir M, AbuRageila M, AlHussain A, Mercado P, Maizel J, Kontar L, Titeca D, Brazier F, Riviere A, Joris M, Soupison T, De Cagny B, Slama M, Wagner J, Körner A, Kubik M, Kluge S, Reuter D, Saugel B, Colombaroli E, Righetti F, Castellano G, Tran T, De Bels D, Cudia A, Strachinaru M, Ghottignies P, Devriendt J, Pierrakos C, Martínez González Ó, Blancas R, Luján J, Ballesteros D, Martínez Díaz C, Núñez A, Martín Parra C, López Matamala B, Alonso Fernández M, Chana M, Huber W, Eckmann M, Elkmann F, Gruber A, Klein I, Schmid RM, Lahmer T, Moller PW, Sondergaard S, Jakob SM, Takala J, Berger D, Bastoni D, Aya H, Toscani L, Pigozzi L, Rhodes A, Cecconi M, Ostrowska C, Aya H, Abbas A, Mellinghoff J, Ryan C, Dawson D, Rhodes A, Cecconi M, Cronhjort M, Wall O, Nyberg E, Zeng R, Svensen C, Mårtensson J, Joelsson-Alm E, Aguilar Arzapalo M, Barradas L, Lopez V, Cetina M, Parenti N, Palazzi C, Amidei LA, Borrelli FB, Campanale SC, Tagliazucchi FT, Sedoni GS, Lucchesi DL, Carella EC, Luciani AL, Mackovic M, Maric N, Bakula M, Aya H, Rhodes A, Grounds RM, Fletcher N, Cecconi M, Avard B, Zhang P, Mezidi M, Charbit J, Ould-Chikh M, Deras P, Maury C, Martinez O, Capdevila X, Hou P, Linde-Zwirble WZ, Douglas ID, Shapiro NS, Ben Souissi A, Mezghani I, Ben Aicha Y, Kamoun S, Laribi B, Jeribi B, Riahi A, Mebazaa MS, Pereira C, Marinho R, Antunes R, Marinho A, Crivits M, Raes M, Decruyenaere J, Hoste E, Bagin V, Rudnov V, Savitsky A, Astafyeva M, Korobko I, Vein V, Kampmeier T, Arnemann P, Hessler M, Wald A, Bockbreder K, Morelli A, Van Aken H, Rehberg S, Ertmer C, Arnemann P, Hessler M, Kampmeier T, Rehberg S, Van Aken H, Ince C, Ertmer C, Reddy S, Bailey M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Mackle D, Psirides A, Young P, Reddy S, Bailey M, Beasley R, Bellomo R, Mackle D, Young P, Venkatesh H, Ramachandran S, Basu A, Nair H, Egan S, Bates J, Oliveira S, Rangel Neto NR, Reis FQ, Lee CP, Lin XL, Choong C, Eu KM, Sim WY, Tee KS, Pau J, Abisheganaden J, Maas K, De Geus H, Lafuente E, Marinho R, Moura J, Antunes R, Marinho A, Doris TE, Monkhouse D, Shipley T, Kardasz S, Gonzalez I, Stads S, Groeneveld AJ, Elsayed I, Ward N, Tridente A, Raithatha A, Steuber A, Pelletier C, Schroeder S, Michael E, Slowinski T, Kindgen-Milles D, Ghabina S, Turani F, Belli A, Busatti S, Barettin G, Candidi F, Gargano F, Barchetta R, Falco M, Demirkiran O, Kosuk M, Bozbay S, Weber V, Hartmann J, Harm S, Linsberger I, Eichhorn T, Valicek G, Miestinger G, Hoermann C, Faenza S, Ricci D, Mancini E, Gemelli C, Cuoghi A, Magnani S, Atti M, Laddomada T, Doronzio A, Balicco B, Gruda MC, O’Sullivan P, Dan VP, Guliashvili T, Scheirer A, Golobish TD, Capponi VJ, Chan PP, Kogelmann K, Drüner M, Jarczak D, Turani F, Belli AB, Martni SM, Cotticelli VC, Mounajergi F, Barchetta R, Morimoto S, Ishikura H, Hussain I, Salahuddin N, Nadeem A, Ghorab K, Maghrabi K, Kloesel SK, Goldfuss C, Stieglitz A, Stieglitz AS, Krstevska L, Albuszies G, Aguilar Arzapalo M, Barradas L, Lopez V, Escalante A, Jimmy G, Cetina M, Izawa J, Iwami T, Uchino S, Takinami M, Kitamura T, Kawamura T, Powell-Tuck JG, Crichton S, Raimundo M, Camporota L, Wyncoll D, Ostermann M, Hana A, De Geus HR, De Geus HR, Hana A, Aydogdu M, Boyaci N, Yuksel S, Gursel G, Cayci Sivri AB, Meza-Márquez J, Nava-López J, Carrillo-Esper R, Dardashti A, Grubb A, Maizel J, Wetzstein M, Titeca D, Kontar L, Brazier F, De Cagny B, Riviere A, Soupison T, Joris M, Slama M, Peters E, Njimi H, Pickkers P, Vincent JL, Waraich M, Doyle J, Samuels T, Forni L, Desai N, Baumber R, Gunning P, Sell A, Lin S, Torrence H, O’Dwyer M, Kirwan C, Prowle J, Kim T, O’Connor ME, Hewson RW, Kirwan CJ, Pearse RM, Prowle J, Hanoura S, Omar A, Othamn H, Sudarsanan S, Allam M, Maksoud M, Singh R, Al Khulaifi A, O’Connor ME, Hewson RW, Kirwan CJ, Pearse RM, Prowle J, Uzundere O, Memis D, Ýnal M, Gultekin A, Turan N, Aydin MA, Basar H, Sencan I, Kapuagasi A, Ozturk M, Uzundurukan Z, Gokmen D, Ozcan A, Kaymak C, Artemenko VA, Budnyuk A, Pugh R, Bhandari S, Mauri T, Turrini C, Langer T, Taccone P, Volta CA, Marenghi C, Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Sweeney L, O’Sullivan A, Kelly P, Mukeria E, MacLoughlin R, Pfeffer M, Thomas JT, Bregman GB, Karp GK, Kishinevsky EK, Stavi DS, Adi NA, Poropat T, Knafelj R, Llopart E, Batlle M, De Haro C, Mesquida J, Artigas A, Pavlovic D, Lewerentz L, Spassov A, Schneider R, De Smet S, De Raedt S, Derom E, Depuydt P, Oeyen S, Benoit D, Decruyenaere J, Gobatto A, Besen B, Tierno P, Melro L, Mendes P, Cadamuro F, Park M, Malbouisson LM, Civantos BC, Lopez JL, Robles A, Figueira J, Yus S, Garcia A, Oglinda A, Ciobanu G, Oglinda C, Schirca L, Sertinean T, Lupu V, Kelly P, O’Sullivan A, Sweeney L, MacLoughlin R, O’Sullivan A, Kelly P, Sweeney L, Mukeria E, Wolny M, MacLoughlin R, Pagano A, Numis F, Visone G, Saldamarco L, Russo T, Porta G, Paladino F, Bell C, Liu J, Debacker J, Lee C, Tamberg E, Campbell V, Mehta S, Silva-Pinto A, Sarmento A, Santos L, Kara Ý, Yýldýrým F, Zerman A, Güllü Z, Boyacý N, Basarýk Aydogan B, Gaygýsýz Ü, Gönderen K, Arýk G, Turkoglu M, Aydogdu M, Aygencel G, Ülger Z, Gursel G, Boyacý N, Isýkdogan Z, Özdedeoglu Ö, Güllü Z, Badoglu M, Gaygýsýz U, Aydogdu M, Gursel G, Kongpolprom N, Sittipunt C, Eden A, Kokhanovsky Y, Bursztein – De Myttenaere S, Pizov R, Neilans L, MacIntyre N, Radosevich M, Wanta B, Weber V, Meyer T, Smischney N, Brown D, Diedrich D, Fuller A, McLindon P, Sim K, Shoaeir M, Noeam K, Mahrous A, Matsa R, Ali A, Dridi C, Koubaji S, Kamoun S, Haddad F, Ben Souissi A, Laribi B, Riahi A, Mebazaa MS, Pérez-Calatayud A, Carrillo-Esper R, Zepeda-Mendoza A, Diaz-Carrillo M, Arch-Tirado E, Carbognin S, Pelacani L, Zannoni F, Agnoli A, Gagliardi G, Cho R, Adams A, Lunos S, Ambur S, Shapiro R, Prekker M, Thijssen M, Janssen L, Foudraine N, Voscopoulos CJ, Freeman J, Voscopoulos CJ, Freeman J, George E, Voscopoulos CJ, Eversole D, Freeman J, George E, Muttini S, Bigi R, Villani G, Patroniti N, Williams G, Voscopoulos CJ, Freeman J, George E, Waldmann A, Böhm S, Windisch W, Strassmann S, Karagiannidis C, Waldmann A, Böhm S, Windisch W, Strassmann S, Karagiannidis C, Karagiannidis CK, Waldmann AW, Böhm SB, Strassmann S, Windisch WW, Persson P, Lundin S, Stenqvist O, Porta G, Numis F, Serra CS, Pagano AP, Masarone MM, Rinaldi LR, Amelia AA, Fascione MF, Adinolfi LA, Ruggiero ER, Asota F, O’Rourke K, Ranjan S, Morgan P, DeBacker JW, Tamberg E, O’Neill L, Munshi L, Burry L, Fan E, Mehta S, Poo S, Mahendran K, Fowles J, Gerrard C, Vuylsteke A, Loveridge R, Chaddock C, Patel S, Kakar V, Willars C, Hurst T, Park C, Best T, Vercueil A, Auzinger G, Borgman A, Proudfoot AG, Grins E, Emiley KE, Schuitema J, Fitch SJ, Marco G, Sturgill J, Dickinson MG, Strueber M, Khaghani A, Wilton P, Jovinge SM, Sampson C, Harris-Fox S, Cove ME, Vu LH, Sen A, Federspiel WJ, Kellum JA, Mazo Torre C, Riera J, Ramirez S, Borgatta B, Lagunes L, Rello J, Kuzovlev AK, Moroz V, Goloubev A, Polovnikov S, Nenchuk S, Karavana V, Glynos C, Asimakos A, Pappas K, Vrettou C, Magkou M, Ischaki E, Stathopoulos G, Zakynthinos S, Spadaro S, Kozhevnikova I, Dalla Corte F, Grasso S, Casolari P, Caramori G, Volta C, Andrianjafiarinoa T, Randriamandrato T, Rajaonera T, El-Dash S, Costa ELV, Tucci MR, Leleu F, Kontar L, De Cagny B, Brazier F, Titeca D, Bacari-Risal G, Maizel J, Amato M, Slama M, Mercado P, Maizel J, Kontar L, Titeca D, Brazier F, Riviere A, Joris M, Soupison T, De Cagny B, El Dash S, Slama M, Remmington, Fischer A, Squire S, Boichat M, Honzawa H, Yasuda H, Adati T, Suzaki S, Horibe M, Sasaki M, Sanui M, Marinho R, Daniel J, Miranda H, Marinho A, Milinis K, Cooper M, Williams GR, McCarron E, Simants S, Patanwala I, Welters I, Su Y, Fernández Villanueva J, Fernández Garda R, López Lago A, Rodríguez Ruíz E, Hernández Vaquero R, Tomé Martínez de Rituerto S, Varo Pérez E, Lefel N, Schaap F, Bergmans D, Olde Damink S, Van de Poll M, Tizard K, Lister C, Poole L, Ringaitiene D, Gineityte D, Vicka V, Norkiene I, Sipylaite J, O’Loughlin A, Maraj V, Dowling J, Velasco MB, Dalcomune DM, Dias EB, Fernandes SL, Oshima T, Graf S, Heidegger C, Genton L, Karsegard V, Dupertuis Y, Pichard C, Friedli N, Stanga Z, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Vandersteen L, Stessel B, Evers S, Van Assche A, Jamaer L, Dubois J, Marinho R, Castro H, Moura J, Valente J, Martins P, Casteloes P, Magalhaes C, Cabral S, Santos M, Oliveira B, Salgueiro A, Marinho A, Marinho R, Santos M, Lafuente E, Castro H, Cabral S, Moura J, Martins P, Oliveira B, Salgueiro A, Duarte S, Castro S, Melo M, Casteloes P, Marinho A, Gray S, Maipang K, Bhurayanontachai R, Grädel LG, Schütz P, Langlois P, Manzanares W, Tincu R, Cobilinschi C, Tomescu D, Ghiorghiu Z, Macovei R, Manzanares W, Langlois P, Lemieux M, Elke G, Bloos F, Reinhart K, Heyland D, Langlois P, Lemieux M, Aramendi I, Heyland D, Manzanares W, Su Y, Marinho R, Babo N, Marinho A, Hoshino M, Haraguchi Y, Kajiwara S, Mitsuhashi T, Tsubata T, Aida M, Rattanapraphat T, Bhurayanontachai R, Kongkamol C, Khwannimit B, Marinho R, Santos M, Castro H, Lafuente E, Salgueiro A, Cabral S, Martins P, Moura J, Oliveira B, Melo M, Xavier B, Valente J, Magalhaes C, Casteloes P, Marinho A, Moisidou D, Ampatzidou F, Koutsogiannidis C, Moschopoulou M, Drossos G, Taskin G, Çakir M, Güler AK, Taskin A, Öcal N, Özer S, Yamanel L, Wong JM, Fitton C, Anwar S, Stacey S, Aggou M, Fyntanidou B, Patsatzakis S, Oloktsidou E, Lolakos K, Papapostolou E, Grosomanidis V, Suda S, Ikeda T, Ono S, Ueno T, Izutani Y, Gaudry S, Desailly V, Pasquier P, Brun PB, Tesnieres AT, Ricard JD, Dreyfuss D, Mignon A, White JC, Molokhia A, Dean A, Stilwell A, Friedlaender G, Peters M, Stipulante S, Delfosse A, Donneau AF, Ghuysen A, Feldmann C, Freitag D, Dersch W, Irqsusi M, Eschbach D, Steinfeldt T, Wulf H, Wiesmann T, Kongpolprom N, Cholkraisuwat J, Beitland S, Nakstad E, Stær-Jensen H, Drægni T, Andersen G, Jacobsen D, Brunborg C, Waldum-Grevbo B, Sunde K, Hoyland K, Pandit D, Hayakawa K, Oloktsidou E, Kotzampassi K, Fyntanidou B, Patsatzakis S, Loukipoudi L, Doumaki E, Grosomanidis V, Yasuda H, Admiraal MM, Van Assen M, Van Putten MJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans M, Van Rootselaar AF, Horn J, Ragusa F, Marudi A, Baroni S, Gaspari A, Bertellini E, Taha A, Abdullah T, Abdel Monem S, Alcorn S, McNeill S, Russell S, Eertmans W, Genbrugge C, Meex I, Dens J, Jans F, De Deyne C, Cholkraisuwat J, Kongpolprom N, Avard B, Burns R, Patarchi A, Spina T, Tanaka H, Otani N, Ode S, Ishimatsu S, Cho J, Moon JB, Park CW, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Won MH, Dakova S, Ramsheva Z, Ramshev K, Cho J, Moon JB, Park CW, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Cho J, Moon JB, Park CW, Ohk TG, Shin MC, Marudi A, Baroni S, Gaspari A, Bertellini E, Orhun G, Senturk E, Ozcan PE, Sencer S, Ulusoy C, Tuzun E, Esen F, Tincu R, Cobilinschi C, Tomescu D, Ghiorghiu Z, Macovei R, Van Assen M, Admiraal MM, Van Putten MJ, Tjepkema-Cloostermans M, Van Rootselaar AF, Horn J, Fallenius M, Skrifvars MB, Reinikainen M, Bendel S, Raj R, Abu-Habsa M, Hymers C, Borowska A, Sivadhas H, Sahiba S, Perkins S, Rubio J, Rubio JA, Sierra R, English S, Chasse M, Turgeon A, Lauzier F, Griesdale D, Garland A, Fergusson D, Zarychanski R, Tinmouth A, Van Walraven C, Montroy K, Ziegler J, Dupont Chouinard R, Carignan R, Dhaliwal A, Lum C, Sinclair J, Pagliarello G, McIntyre L, English S, Chasse M, Turgeon A, Lauzier F, Griesdale D, Garland A, Fergusson D, Zarychanski R, Tinmouth A, Van Walraven C, Montroy K, Ziegler J, Dupont Chouinard R, Carignan R, Dhaliwal A, Lum C, Sinclair J, Pagliarello G, McIntyre L, Groza T, Moreau N, Castanares-Zapatero D, Hantson P, Carbonara M, Ortolano F, Zoerle T, Magnoni S, Pifferi S, Conte V, Stocchetti N, Carteron L, Suys T, Patet C, Quintard H, Oddo M, Rubio JA, Rubio J, Sierra R, Spatenkova V, Pokorna E, Suchomel P, Ebert N, Jancik J, Rhodes H, Bylinski T, Hawthorne C, Shaw M, Piper I, Kinsella J, Kink AK, Rätsep IR, Boutin A, Moore L, Chasse M, Zarychanski R, Lauzier F, English S, McIntyre L, Lacroix J, Griesdale D, Lessard-Bonaventure P, Turgeon AF, Boutin A, Moore L, Green R, Lessard-Bonaventure P, Erdogan M, Butler M, Lauzier F, Chasse M, English S, McIntyre L, Zarychanski R, Lacroix J, Griesdale D, Desjardins P, Fergusson DA, Turgeon AF, Goncalves B, Vidal B, Valdez C, Rodrigues AC, Miguez L, Moralez G, Hong T, Kutz A, Hausfater P, Amin D, Struja T, Haubitz S, Huber A, Mueller B, Schuetz P, Brown T, Collinson J, Pritchett C, Slade T, Le Guen M, Hellings S, Ramsaran R, Alsheikhly A, Abe T, Kanapeckaite L, Abu-Habsa M, Bahl R, Russell MQ, Real KJ, Abu-Habsa M, Lyon RM, Oveland NP, Penketh J, Mcdonald M, Kelly F, Alfafi M, Alsolamy S, Almutairi W, Alotaibi B, Van den Berg AE, Schriel Y, Dawson L, Meynaar IA, Talaie H, Silva D, Fernandes S, Gouveia J, Santos Silva J, Foley J, Kaskovagheorgescu A, Evoy D, Cronin J, Ryan J, Huck M, Hoffmann C, Renner J, Laitselart P, Donat N, Cirodde A, Schaal JV, Masson Y, Nau A, Leclerc T, Howarth O, Davenport K, Jeanrenaud P, Raftery S, MacTavish P, Devine H, McPeake J, Daniel M, Kinsella J, Quasim T, Alrabiee S, Alrashid A, Alsolamy S, Gundogan O, Bor C, Akýn Korhan E, Demirag K, Uyar M, Frame F, Ashton C, Bergstrom Niska L, Dilokpattanamongkol P, Suansanae T, Suthisisang C, Morakul S, Karnjanarachata C, Tangsujaritvijit V, Mahmood S, Al Thani H, Almenyar A, Vakalos A, Avramidis V, Sharvill R, Penketh J, Morton SE, Chiew YS, Pretty C, Chase JG, Shaw GM, Knafelj R, Kordis P, Patel S, Grover V, Kuchyn I, Bielka K, Aidoni Z, Grosomanidis V, Kotzampassi K, Stavrou G, Fyntanidou B, Patsatzakis S, Skourtis C, Lee SD, Williams K, Weltes ID, Berhane S, Arrowsmith C, Peters C, Robert S, Caldas J, Panerai RB, Robinson TG, Camara L, Ferreira G, Borg-Seng-Shu E, De Lima Oliveira M, Mian NC, Santos L, Nogueira R, Zeferino SP, Jacobsen Teixeira M, Galas F, Hajjar LA, Killeen P, McPhail M, Bernal W, Maggs J, Wendon J, Hughes T, Taniguchi LU, Siqueira EM, Vieira Jr JM, Azevedo LC, Ahmad AN, Abu-Habsa M, Bahl R, Helme E, Hadfield S, Loveridge R, Shak J, Senver C, Howard-Griffin R, Wacharasint P, Fuengfoo P, Sukcharoen N, Rangsin R, Sbiti-Rohr D, Schuetz P, Na H, Song S, Lee S, Jeong E, Lee K, Cooper M, Milinis K, Williams G, McCarron E, Simants S, Patanwala I, Welters ID, Zoumpelouli E, Volakli EA, Chrysohoidou V, Georgiou S, Charisopoulou K, Kotzapanagiotou E, Panagiotidou V, Manavidou K, Stathi Z, Sdougka M, Salahuddin N, AlGhamdi B, Marashly Q, Zaza K, Sharshir M, Khurshid M, Ali Z, Malgapo M, Jamil M, Shafquat A, Shoukri M, Hijazi M, Abe T, Uchino S, Takinami M, Rangel Neto NR, Oliveira S, Reis FQ, Rocha FA, Moralez G, Ebecken K, Rabello LS, Lima MF, Hatum R, De Marco FV, Alves A, Pinto JE, Godoy M, Brasil PE, Bozza FA, Salluh JI, Soares M, Krinsley J, Kang G, Perry J, Hines H, Wilkinson KM, Tordoff C, Sloan B, Bellamy MC, Moreira E, Verga F, Barbato M, Burghi G, Soares M, Silva UV, Azevedo LC, Torelly AP, Kahn JM, Angus DC, Knibel MF, Brasil PE, Bozza FA, Salluh JI, Velasco MB, Dalcomune DM, Marshall R, Gilpin T, Tridente A, Raithatha A, Mota D, Loureiro B, Dias J, Afonso O, Coelho F, Martins A, Faria F, Al-Dorzi H, Al Orainni H, AlEid F, Tlaygeh H, Itani A, Hejazi A, Arabi Y, Gaudry S, Messika J, Ricard JD, Guillo S, Pasquet B, Dubief E, Dreyfuss D, Tubach F, Battle C, James K, Temblett P, Davies L, Battle C, Lynch C, Pereira S, Cavaco S, Fernandes J, Moreira I, Almeida E, Seabra Pereira F, Malheiro M, Cardoso F, Aragão I, Cardoso T, Fister M, Knafelj R, Muraray Govind P, Brahmananda Reddy N, Pratheema R, Arul ED, Devachandran J, Velasco MB, Dalcomune DM, Knafelj R, Fister M, Chin-Yee N, D’Egidio G, Thavorn K, Heyland D, Kyeremanteng K, Murchison AG, Swalwell K, Mandeville J, Stott D, Guerreiro I, Devine H, MacTavish P, McPeake J, Quasim T, Kinsella J, Daniel M, Goossens C, Marques MB, Derde S, Vander Perre S, Dufour T, Thiessen SE, Güiza F, Janssens T, Hermans G, Vanhorebeek I, De Bock K, Van den Berghe G, Langouche L, Devine H, MacTavish P, Quasim T, Kinsella J, Daniel M, McPeake J, Miles B, Madden S, Devine H, Weiler M, Marques P, Rodrigues C, Boeira M, Brenner K, Leães C, Machado A, Townsend R, Andrade J, MacTavish P, McPeake J, Devine H, Kinsella J, Daniel M, Kishore R, Fenlon C, Quasim T, Fiks T, Ruijter A, Te Raa M, Spronk P, Chiew YS, Docherty P, Dickson J, Moltchanova E, Scarrot C, Pretty C, Shaw GM, Chase JG, Hall T, Ngu WC, Jack JM, Morgan P, Avard B, Pavli A, Gee X, Bor C, Akin Korhan E, Demirag K, Uyar M, Shirazy M, Fayed A, Gupta S, Kaushal A, Dewan S, Varma A, Ghosh E, Yang L, Eshelman L, Lord B, Carlson E, Helme E, Broderick R, Hadfield S, Loveridge R, Ramos J, Forte D, Yang F, Hou P, Dudziak J, Feeney J, Wilkinson K, Bauchmuller K, Shuker K, Faulds M, Raithatha A, Bryden D, England L, Bolton N, Tridente A, Bauchmuller K, Shuker K, Tridente A, Faulds M, Matheson A, Gaynor J, Bryden D, Ramos J, Peroni B, Daglius-Dias R, Miranda L, Cohen C, Carvalho C, Velasco I, Forte D, Kelly JM, Neill A, Rubenfeld G, Masson N, Min A, Boezeman E, Hofhuis J, Hovingh A, De Vries R, Spronk P, Cabral-Campello G, Aragão I, Cardoso T, Van Mol M, Nijkamp M, Kompanje E, Ostrowski P, Omar A, Kiss K, Köves B, Csernus V, Molnár Z, Hoydonckx Y, Vanwing S, Stessel B, Van Assche A, Jamaer L, Dubois J, Medo V, Galvez R, Miranda JP, Stone C, Wigmore T, Arunan Y, Wheeler A, Bauchmuller K, Bryden D, Wong Y, Poi C, Gu C, Molmy P, Van Grunderbeeck N, Nigeon O, Lemyze M, Thevenin D, Mallat J, Ramos J, Correa M, Carvalho RT, Forte D, Fernandez A, McBride C, Koonthalloor E, Walsh C, Webber A, Ashe M, Smith K, Jeanrenaud P, Marudi A, Baroni S, Ragusa F, Bertellini E, Volakli EA, Chochliourou E, Dimitriadou M, Violaki A, Mantzafleri P, Samkinidou E, Vrani O, Arbouti A, Varsami T, Sdougka M, Bollen JA, Van Smaalen TC, De Jongh WC, Ten Hoopen MM, Ysebaert D, Van Heurn LW, Van Mook WN, Sim K, Fuller A, Roze des Ordons A, Couillard P, Doig C, Van Keer RV, Deschepper RD, Francke AF, Huyghens LH, Bilsen JB, Nyamaizi B, Dalrymple C, Molokhia A, Dobru A, Marrinan E, Ankuli A, Molokhia A, McPeake J, Struthers R, Crawford R, Devine H, Mactavish P, Quasim T, Morelli P, Degiovanangelo M, Lemos F, MArtinez V, Verga F, Cabrera J, Burghi G, Rutten A, Van Ieperen S, De Geer S, Van Vugt M, Der Kinderen E, Giannini A, Miccinesi G, Marchesi T, Prandi E. 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine : Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016. Crit Care. 2016 Apr 20;20(Suppl 2):94. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6. Epub 2016 Apr 20. PMID: 27885969; PMCID: PMC5493079.

• * Malhotra A, Khdhir M. Case 345. Radiology. 2025 Nov;317(2):e250799. doi: 10.1148/radiol.250799. PMID: 41288484.

• * Malhotra A, Khdhir M. Case 345: Methanol Poisoning. Radiology. 2026 Mar;318(3):e250800. doi: 10.1148/radiol.250800. PMID: 41914865.

• * Kemmotsu R, Okita T, Koike N, Inui R, Tabuchi Y, Yasuda T. Ketoacidosis associated with tirzepatide use in a nonobese individual without diabetes. JCEM Case Rep. 2026 Apr;4(4):luag054. doi: 10.1210/jcemcr/luag054. Epub 2026 Apr 8. PMID: 41971636; PMCID: PMC13069485.

• * Silveira G, Kvasha Y, Shah P, Shah H, Gogineni J. Euglycemic ketoacidosis in a nondiabetic patient receiving dapagliflozin for heart failure. JCEM Case Rep. 2026 Oct;4(10):luag275. doi: 10.1210/jcemcr/luag275. Epub 2026 Sep 11. PMID: 42729904; PMCID: PMC13563184.