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Published on: 8/20/2026

What are the common causes of smelly vaginal discharge?

Smelly vaginal discharge is most commonly caused by infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) or trichomoniasis, though it can also result from shifts in the vagina's natural bacterial balance, poor hygiene, or retained foreign objects like a forgotten tampon. Identifying the underlying cause is essential, as each condition requires a different treatment approach.

Because symptoms often overlap and self-diagnosis can be misleading, taking a free, instant, online symptom check is a smart first step. It helps you understand what may be causing your discharge and guides you on whether to see a doctor, what tests to consider, and how to talk about your symptoms with a professional.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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Explanation

Your body naturally creates vaginal discharge to keep the area clean by washing away old cells and unwanted germs. When the smell becomes strong or unusual, it can be a sign that the balance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina has changed. One common cause is bacterial vaginosis, which occurs when the good bacteria decline and other harmful bacteria proliferate. This condition may give your discharge a fishy odor. Another cause is trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection that can also result in a strong, unpleasant smell, along with changes in the color and texture of your discharge. Other bacterial infections might also change the smell even without other symptoms appearing. It is important to remember that a little odor can sometimes be normal because the smell and consistency of the discharge can change during your cycle or with certain activities. However, if you notice a strong smell that persists or if you have other symptoms like itching or discomfort, you can use Ubie's free AI symptom checker to help identify possible causes, and consider seeing a healthcare provider to find out what's causing the change and the best way to help you feel better.

(References)

  • Subramanian C, Nyirjesy P, Sobel JD. Genital malodor in women: a modern reappraisal. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2012 Jan;16(1):49-55. doi: 10.1097/LGT.0b013e31822b7512. PMID: 21964208.

  • Mulu W, Yimer M, Zenebe Y, Abera B. Common causes of vaginal infections and antibiotic susceptibility of aerobic bacterial isolates in women of reproductive age attending at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2015 May 13;15:42. doi: 10.1186/s12905-015-0197-y. PMID: 25968607; PMCID: PMC4438529.

  • Sim M, Logan S, Goh LH. Vaginal discharge: evaluation and management in primary care. Singapore Med J. 2020 Jun;61(6):297-301. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2020088. PMID: 32754764; PMCID: PMC7905126.

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