What are the most common causes of headaches and how can they be treated?

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

Headaches are a common health issue with many possible causes, including tension, migraines, dehydration, stress, poor sleep, sinus problems, or underlying medical conditions. Most headaches can be relieved through rest, proper hydration, stress management, and over-the-counter pain relievers. However, frequent, severe, or unusual headaches may signal something more serious and warrant closer attention.

Because headaches vary widely in cause and severity, identifying the type you're experiencing is key to finding the right treatment. Take a free, instant, online symptom check to better understand your headache, uncover possible causes, and confidently navigate your next steps toward relief.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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Explanation

Headaches are very common, and there are different types, such as tension headaches and migraines.

Common Causes:

Tension Headaches: These are often due to stress or muscle tension.
Migraines: These can be more severe and might include symptoms like nausea or sensitivity to light.
Other Causes: Sometimes, headaches can be caused by other health issues or changes in routine.

Treatment Options:

Rest and Relaxation: Taking a break and resting in a quiet, dark room can help.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of water is important, as dehydration can cause headaches.
Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help, but it's important to follow the instructions.

If headaches happen often or are very painful, it's a good idea to talk to a healthcare provider for more advice. You can also use a free AI symptom checker to help identify what might be causing your symptoms and get personalized guidance.

(References)

Robbins MS. (2021). Diagnosis and Management of Headache: A Review. JAMA, 33974014.
Baigi K, & Stewart WF. (2015). Headache and migraine: a leading cause of absenteeism. Handbook of clinical neurology, 26563803.
Viera AJ, & Antono B. (2022). Acute Headache in Adults: A Diagnostic Approach. American family physician, 36126007.

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