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Published on: 4/28/2025

What Tests or Checks Can Confirm If My Water Has Broken?

Your healthcare provider can use a physical exam along with tests like the nitrazine test, fern test, or an AmniSure test to check if your water has broken.

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Explanation

When there is a question about whether your amniotic sac has ruptured, your provider will begin with a simple physical exam. They may use a special tool called a speculum to look for fluid pooling in your vagina. Then, they might use a nitrazine test, which uses a strip that changes color if it touches amniotic fluid that is usually more alkaline compared to normal vaginal fluid. Another method is the fern test, where a small sample of fluid is placed on a slide, allowed to dry, and then examined under a microscope—if it forms a pattern that looks like fern leaves, this supports that the membrane has ruptured. There is also a more modern test sometimes called the AmniSure test, which checks for a protein found in amniotic fluid. Using one or more of these tests helps your provider decide if your membranes have broken and guides the next steps in your care. If you ever think your water has broken, it is important to tell your provider so they can do these tests and make sure you and your baby are safe.

(References)

  • Iannetta O. A new simple test for detecting rupture of the fetal membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Apr;63(4):575-6. PMID: 6700905.

  • Davidson KM. Detection of premature rupture of the membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;34(4):715-22. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199112000-00007. PMID: 1778013.

  • Thumm B, Walsh G, Heyborne KD. Diagnosis of rupture of membranes: AmniSure, clinical assessment, and the Food and Drug Administration warning. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Nov;2(4):100200. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100200. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 33345917.

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