What Could Cause a Painful Lump Near the Anus in Females, and When Should It Be Examined by a Doctor?

A painful lump near the anus in females may have several causes. One possibility is an infection, which can lead to an abscess that causes pain, swelling, and sometimes fever. Another cause can be a cyst, like a tailgut cyst or a rectal duplication cyst. These are uncommon congenital conditions that, when they become inflamed or infected, can cause severe discomfort near the anus. In some cases, skin changes like those seen in perianal Bowen's disease—a type of skin issue that can sometimes be a precursor to cancer—may also appear as a painful lump. It is important to see a doctor if the lump is very painful, if it grows or changes in appearance, or if you experience other symptoms like fever, chills, or changes in bowel habits. A healthcare provider can examine the area, possibly order imaging tests, and decide if further treatment like drainage, removal, or other therapies is needed to ensure proper care and to rule out more serious conditions.