Frostbite Quiz

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Reviewed By:

Maxwell J. Nanes

Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency department)

Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |

Yukiko Ueda

Yukiko Ueda, MD (Dermatology)

Dr. Ueda graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine and trained at the University of Tokyo Medical School. She is currently a clinical assistant professor at the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, and holds several posts in the dermatology departments at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Komagome Hospital, University of Tokyo, and the Medical Center of Japan Red Cross Society.

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Learn more about Frostbite

Content updated on Sep 20, 2022

What is frostbite?

This is a skin injury that occurs after exposure to low temperature. The skin freezes and blood vessels constrict.

Symptoms of frostbite

  • Skin redness or red bumpy rashes

  • Skin problem over the back of the hand

  • Skin Itching

  • Hands and feet are cold

  • Blisters

  • Sores or ulcers of the skin

Questions your doctor may ask to check for frostbite

Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose frostbite

  • Do you have red skin or red spots on the skin?

  • Do your symptoms on your hand affect the skin past the wrist area?

  • Do you have itchy skin?

  • Do you have cold hands and feet?

  • Do you have blisters on your skin?

Treatment for frostbite

Simple cases can be managed with slow, gentle rewarming at room temperature, and pain medications. More serious cases may require surgery and medications to restore blood flow.

View the symptoms of Frostbite

References

  • Handford C, Thomas O, Imray CHE. Frostbite. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2017 May;35(2):281-299. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006. PMID: 28411928.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733862716301201?via%3Dihub

  • Joshi K, Goyary D, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Chakraborty R, Bhutia YD, Karmakar S, Dwivedi SK. Frostbite: Current status and advancements in therapeutics. J Therm Biol. 2020 Oct;93:102716. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102716. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 33077129.

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306456520304885?via%3Dihub

  • Regli IB, Strapazzon G, Falla M, Oberhammer R, Brugger H. Long-Term Sequelae of Frostbite-A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 14;18(18):9655. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189655. PMID: 34574580; PMCID: PMC8465633.

    https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9655

  • Hickey S, Whitson A, Jones L, Wibbenmeyer L, Ryan C, Fey R, Litt J, Fabia R, Cancio L, Mohr W, Twomey J, Wagner A, Cochran A, Bailey JK. Guidelines for Thrombolytic Therapy for Frostbite. J Burn Care Res. 2020 Jan 30;41(1):176-183. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irz148. PMID: 31899512.

    https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/41/1/176/5695870?redirectedFrom=fulltext

  • Laskowski-Jones L, Jones LJ. Frostbite: Don't be left out in the cold. Nursing. 2018 Feb;48(2):26-33. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000529802.75665.d7. PMID: 29324622.

    https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2018/02000/Frostbite__Don_t_be_left_out_in_the_cold.9.aspx

Reviewed By:

Maxwell J. Nanes

Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency department)

Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |

Yukiko Ueda

Yukiko Ueda, MD (Dermatology)

Dr. Ueda graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine and trained at the University of Tokyo Medical School. She is currently a clinical assistant professor at the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, and holds several posts in the dermatology departments at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Komagome Hospital, University of Tokyo, and the Medical Center of Japan Red Cross Society.

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