Frostbite Quiz
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Reviewed By:
Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency department)
Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Yukiko Ueda, MD (Dermatology)
Dr. Ueda graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine and trained at the University of Tokyo Medical School. She is currently a clinical assistant professor at the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, and holds several posts in the dermatology departments at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Komagome Hospital, University of Tokyo, and the Medical Center of Japan Red Cross Society.
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Learn more about Frostbite
Content updated on Sep 20, 2022
What is frostbite?
This is a skin injury that occurs after exposure to low temperature. The skin freezes and blood vessels constrict.
Symptoms of frostbite
Skin redness or red bumpy rashes
Skin problem over the back of the hand
Skin Itching
Hands and feet are cold
Blisters
Sores or ulcers of the skin
Questions your doctor may ask to check for frostbite
Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose frostbite
Do you have red skin or red spots on the skin?
Do your symptoms on your hand affect the skin past the wrist area?
Do you have itchy skin?
Do you have cold hands and feet?
Do you have blisters on your skin?
Treatment for frostbite
Simple cases can be managed with slow, gentle rewarming at room temperature, and pain medications. More serious cases may require surgery and medications to restore blood flow.
View the symptoms of Frostbite
Diseases related to Frostbite
References
Handford C, Thomas O, Imray CHE. Frostbite. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2017 May;35(2):281-299. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2016.12.006. PMID: 28411928.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733862716301201?via%3Dihub
Joshi K, Goyary D, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P, Chakraborty R, Bhutia YD, Karmakar S, Dwivedi SK. Frostbite: Current status and advancements in therapeutics. J Therm Biol. 2020 Oct;93:102716. doi: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102716. Epub 2020 Sep 4. PMID: 33077129.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306456520304885?via%3Dihub
Regli IB, Strapazzon G, Falla M, Oberhammer R, Brugger H. Long-Term Sequelae of Frostbite-A Scoping Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 14;18(18):9655. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189655. PMID: 34574580; PMCID: PMC8465633.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/18/9655
Hickey S, Whitson A, Jones L, Wibbenmeyer L, Ryan C, Fey R, Litt J, Fabia R, Cancio L, Mohr W, Twomey J, Wagner A, Cochran A, Bailey JK. Guidelines for Thrombolytic Therapy for Frostbite. J Burn Care Res. 2020 Jan 30;41(1):176-183. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irz148. PMID: 31899512.
https://academic.oup.com/jbcr/article-abstract/41/1/176/5695870?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Laskowski-Jones L, Jones LJ. Frostbite: Don't be left out in the cold. Nursing. 2018 Feb;48(2):26-33. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000529802.75665.d7. PMID: 29324622.
https://journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2018/02000/Frostbite__Don_t_be_left_out_in_the_cold.9.aspx
Reviewed By:
Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency department)
Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Yukiko Ueda, MD (Dermatology)
Dr. Ueda graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine and trained at the University of Tokyo Medical School. She is currently a clinical assistant professor at the Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University, and holds several posts in the dermatology departments at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Komagome Hospital, University of Tokyo, and the Medical Center of Japan Red Cross Society.
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Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD
Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)
National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan