What could cause back pain that shoots down the right leg?

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

Back pain that radiates down the right leg is most often caused by sciatica, piriformis syndrome, or a lumbar discal cyst. Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed, often by a herniated disc. Piriformis syndrome happens when the piriformis muscle irritates the sciatic nerve. A lumbar discal cyst is a rare fluid-filled sac near a spinal disc that can press on nerve roots.

Because these conditions share overlapping symptoms but require different treatments, identifying the underlying cause early is essential to prevent worsening pain, nerve damage, or mobility issues. A quick self-assessment can help you understand your symptoms and decide whether to see a doctor, try at-home care, or seek urgent evaluation. Take a free, instant, online symptom check to get personalized insights and clear next steps in minutes.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/20/2026

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Explanation

Back pain that travels down the right leg is often due to a condition called sciatica. This happens when the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down the legs, is irritated or compressed.

Other Possible Causes:

Piriformis Syndrome: This occurs when the piriformis muscle in the buttocks irritates the sciatic nerve. It can cause pain and tingling down the leg.
Lumbar Discal Cyst: Although rare, a cyst in the lumbar spine can press on nerves and cause similar symptoms.

If you have these symptoms, it is important to see a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment. You can start by taking a free symptom checker test to better understand your condition and determine the best next steps for care.

(References)

Davis D, Taqi M, & Vasudevan A. (2025). Sciatica. Unknown Journal, 29939685.
Papadopoulos EC, & Khan SN. (2004). Piriformis syndrome and low back pain. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 15062719.
Certo F, Visocchi M, Borderi A, Pennisi C, Albanese V, & Barbagallo GM. (2014). Lumbar intervertebral discal cyst: a rare cause of low back .... Evidence-based spine-care journal, 25364328.

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