High Blood Sugar Levels? Why Your Body Spikes & Medically Approved Next Steps

High blood sugar levels (also called hyperglycemia) happen when there is too much glucose in your bloodstream. Glucose is your body's main source of energy, but when blood sugar levels stay elevated for too long, they can affect your organs, blood vessels, and overall health.

Occasional spikes can happen to anyone. But repeated or persistent high blood sugar levels may signal a deeper issue, such as prediabetes or diabetes. The good news? There are clear reasons why blood sugar rises—and proven steps you can take to bring it back into a healthy range.

Let's break it down in simple, practical terms.

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What Are Normal Blood Sugar Levels?

Blood sugar levels naturally rise and fall throughout the day. They increase after meals and decrease between meals or during physical activity.

While exact targets vary by individual, general guidelines are:

• Fasting (before eating): 70–99 mg/dL (normal range)
• 2 hours after eating: Less than 140 mg/dL (normal range)

Consistently higher readings may indicate prediabetes or diabetes. If your numbers are above normal, it's important to understand why.

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Why Do Blood Sugar Levels Spike?

High blood sugar levels don't happen randomly. There is usually a clear biological reason behind them.

1. Your Body Isn't Making Enough Insulin

Insulin is a hormone made by your pancreas. Its job is to move glucose from your bloodstream into your cells.

• In Type 1 diabetes, the body doesn't produce enough insulin.
• In advanced Type 2 diabetes, insulin production may decline over time.

Without enough insulin, glucose stays in your blood instead of entering your cells.

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2. Your Body Isn't Using Insulin Properly (Insulin Resistance)

This is common in Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes.

Your body still makes insulin—but your cells don't respond well to it. This condition is called insulin resistance. As a result:

• Glucose builds up in your bloodstream
• Blood sugar levels rise
• Your pancreas works overtime to compensate

Over time, this can strain the pancreas.

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3. High-Carbohydrate or Sugary Meals

Carbohydrates break down into glucose. Some foods raise blood sugar levels quickly, especially:

• Sugary drinks
• White bread
• Pastries
• Candy
• Highly processed snacks

Large portions can also spike blood sugar, even if the food itself is healthy.

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4. Stress

Physical or emotional stress can temporarily raise blood sugar levels. When you're stressed, your body releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones tell your liver to release extra glucose into the bloodstream.

Short-term increases are normal. Ongoing stress can contribute to persistent elevations.

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5. Illness or Infection

When you're sick, your body releases stress hormones that can increase blood sugar levels—even if you're not eating much.

This is why people with diabetes are often advised to monitor their blood sugar more closely when ill.

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6. Lack of Physical Activity

Movement helps your muscles use glucose for energy. Without regular activity:

• Glucose remains in the bloodstream
• Insulin becomes less effective
• Blood sugar levels can rise

Even light walking after meals can help reduce spikes.

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7. Certain Medications

Some medications can raise blood sugar levels, including:

• Steroids
• Certain diuretics
• Some psychiatric medications

If you notice changes after starting a new medication, speak with your doctor.

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Symptoms of High Blood Sugar Levels

High blood sugar levels may not cause symptoms at first. That's why routine testing is so important.

When symptoms do appear, they may include:

• Increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Fatigue
• Blurred vision
• Headaches
• Slow-healing cuts or wounds
• Unexplained weight loss (in some cases)

If you're experiencing any of these symptoms and want to understand what might be causing them, Ubie's free AI-powered High blood sugar (hyperglycemia) symptom checker can help you identify potential causes and guide your next steps before consulting with a healthcare professional.

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What Happens If Blood Sugar Levels Stay High?

Short-term spikes are common. But consistently high blood sugar levels can increase the risk of:

• Heart disease
• Kidney damage
• Nerve damage
• Vision problems
• Stroke

This doesn't happen overnight. These complications usually develop over years of uncontrolled blood sugar. The key is early action and steady management.

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Medically Approved Next Steps

If you suspect your blood sugar levels are high, here's what healthcare professionals typically recommend.

1. Confirm With Testing

You may need:

• A fasting blood glucose test
• An A1C test (measures average blood sugar over 2–3 months)
• An oral glucose tolerance test

Testing provides clarity and helps guide treatment.

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2. Adjust Your Diet

Small changes can make a big difference. Focus on:

• High-fiber foods (vegetables, beans, whole grains)
• Lean proteins (chicken, fish, tofu)
• Healthy fats (nuts, olive oil, avocado)
• Reducing sugary drinks and refined carbs
• Watching portion sizes

You don't need to eliminate carbs entirely—just choose smarter options and balance them with protein and fiber.

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3. Increase Physical Activity

Aim for:

• At least 150 minutes per week of moderate activity (like brisk walking)
• Light movement after meals
• Strength training twice per week

Even small increases in activity can improve insulin sensitivity and lower blood sugar levels.

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4. Manage Stress

Try simple strategies like:

• Deep breathing exercises
• Short walks
• Journaling
• Adequate sleep (7–9 hours per night)

Lower stress can help stabilize blood sugar levels.

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5. Medication (If Needed)

If lifestyle changes aren't enough, your doctor may prescribe medication. Common options include:

• Metformin (often first-line for Type 2 diabetes)
• Insulin
• Other glucose-lowering medications

Medication isn't a failure—it's a tool to protect your long-term health.

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6. Monitor Regularly

If you've been diagnosed with diabetes or prediabetes, tracking your blood sugar levels helps you understand patterns and adjust your routine accordingly.

Consistent monitoring empowers you to take control.

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When Is High Blood Sugar an Emergency?

Extremely high blood sugar levels can lead to serious conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS).

Seek urgent medical care if you experience:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Confusion
• Fruity-smelling breath
• Rapid breathing
• Extreme drowsiness

These symptoms require immediate medical attention.

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A Balanced Perspective

Hearing that your blood sugar levels are high can feel overwhelming. But it's important to remember:

• Many people successfully manage their blood sugar.
• Early action significantly reduces long-term risks.
• Small, consistent changes often work better than extreme measures.

You don't need to fix everything overnight. Focus on steady progress.

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Speak to a Doctor

If you're experiencing symptoms, have abnormal test results, or are concerned about your blood sugar levels, speak to a doctor promptly. Some complications can become serious if ignored.

A healthcare professional can:

• Confirm a diagnosis
• Rule out other causes
• Create a personalized treatment plan
• Adjust medications safely

If anything feels severe, sudden, or life-threatening, seek urgent medical care immediately.

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The Bottom Line

High blood sugar levels usually have clear causes—insulin problems, diet, stress, illness, or inactivity. The earlier you identify the reason, the easier it is to take control.

With proper testing, lifestyle adjustments, and medical guidance when needed, most people can stabilize their blood sugar levels and protect their long-term health.

Start with awareness. Take practical steps. And don't hesitate to involve a medical professional in your care.