Published on: 3/5/2025
ADHD can lead to problems with working memory and short-term memory, but it does not usually cause long-term memory loss.
Many studies have found that people with ADHD often have challenges with working memory. Working memory is like a mental notepad that helps keep things in mind for a short time. When this part of memory is affected, it might seem like memory loss because someone could forget recent instructions or tasks. However, ADHD does not typically lead to long-term memory loss, which is the ability to remember events or information over a long period. Research shows that while working memory and short-term memory can be weaker in those with ADHD, their long-term memory is usually less affected. This means that the brain has trouble holding onto information temporarily, not permanently forgetting past events. So, if you or someone you know with ADHD struggles with remembering recent details or instructions, it is more likely a symptom of ADHD’s impact on working memory rather than true memory loss for older information.
(References)
Kofler MJ, Singh LJ, Soto EF, Chan ESM, Miller CE, Harmon SL, Spiegel JA. Working memory and short-term memory deficits in ADHD: A bifactor modeling approach. Neuropsychology. 2020 Sep;34(6):686-698. doi: 10.1037/neu0000641. Epub 2020 May 21. PMID: 32437194; PMCID: PMC7483636.
Skodzik T, Holling H, Pedersen A. Long-Term Memory Performance in Adult ADHD. J Atten Disord. 2017 Feb;21(4):267-283. doi: 10.1177/1087054713510561. Epub 2016 Jul 28. PMID: 24232170.
Tien T, Xu X, Song J, Zhang X, Zhang D, Yuan H, Zhong F, Li J, Hu Y. Learning and Memory Impairments With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Physiol Res. 2024 Apr 30;73(2):205-216. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935202. PMID: 38710050; PMCID: PMC11081185.
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