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Published on: 3/5/2025

What Are the Causes of Having Infrequent Periods?

Infrequent periods, sometimes called oligomenorrhea, can happen because your hormones are off balance due to stress, weight changes, or conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

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Explanation

When your periods do not come often, it means your body may not be sending the right signals to create your monthly cycle. This can occur for several reasons. One big reason is a hormonal imbalance. Your body needs hormones to help build up and then shed the lining of your uterus. If these hormones are not balanced, periods might come less frequently. This can also occur after starting a new birth control. Stress is another factor; when you feel very stressed, your body might pause the cycle as it works hard to cope with change. Changes in weight—either losing too much or gaining too much—can also throw your hormones off balance. For example, very low body weight can mean your body doesn’t have enough energy to support a regular cycle. Some medica l conditions, like PCOS, can also affect your hormones and make your periods infrequent. It’s important to keep track of your cycle, and if your periods remain irregular or you feel other problems, speaking with a healthcare provider can help explain what might be happening, and they can guide you on the best steps to take.

(References)

  • Boyle JA, Teede HJ. Irregular menstrual cycles in a young woman. CMAJ. 2014 Aug 5;186(11):850-2. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.130667. Epub 2014 May 5. PMID: 24799558; PMCID: PMC4119145.

  • Bae J, Park S, Kwon JW. Factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause. BMC Womens Health. 2018 Feb 6;18(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12905-018-0528-x. PMID: 29409520; PMCID: PMC5801702.

  • Mittiku YM, Mekonen H, Wogie G, Tizazu MA, Wake GE. Menstrual irregularity and its associated factors among college students in Ethiopia, 2021. Front Glob Womens Health. 2022 Aug 23;3:917643. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2022.917643. PMID: 36081684; PMCID: PMC9445616.

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