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Published on: 8/20/2026

What are the causes of having less frequent periods?

Infrequent periods, medically known as oligomenorrhea, occur when your menstrual cycle lasts longer than 35 days, resulting in fewer than nine periods per year. Common causes include hormonal imbalances such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, significant weight fluctuations, excessive exercise, chronic stress, and metabolic conditions like insulin resistance. Perimenopause and certain medications can also lengthen your cycle.

Because irregular cycles can signal underlying health issues that may affect fertility, bone health, and long-term wellness, identifying the root cause matters. Rather than guessing what's behind your symptoms or waiting weeks for an appointment, take a free, AI-powered symptom check right now. In just three minutes, you'll receive personalized insights about possible causes and clear guidance on next steps—empowering you to have a more informed conversation with your doctor.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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When your periods come less often, it may be because your body's hormones are not working in the usual way. If you are sexually active and miss a cycle start date, you should have a pregnancy test. One reason is an energy imbalance. For example, if you lose too much weight or your body doesn't have enough fuel because of heavy exercise or stress, your hormones might slow down, making your cycle longer. Conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or other metabolic disorders can also cause less frequent periods. These issues change the hormone signals that tell your uterus when to build up and shed its lining, so your menstrual cycle may stretch out. Other factors, such as thyroid problems or a low-calorie diet, can also interfere with your menstrual cycle. Keeping track of your cycle and noting changes is very helpful. If you see that your cycle keeps getting longer over time, or if you have other symptoms that worry you, you can use a free symptom checker to better understand what might be happening with your body before talking with a healthcare provider. They can check your hormone levels, review your overall health, and help find a way to bring back a more regular cycle.

(References)

  • Rostami Dovom M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Djalalinia S, Cheraghi L, Behboudi Gandavani S, Azizi F. Menstrual Cycle Irregularity and Metabolic Disorders: A Population-Based Prospective Study. PLoS One. 2016 Dec 16;11(12):e0168402. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168402. PMID: 27992506; PMCID: PMC5161370.

  • Bae J, Park S, Kwon JW. Factors associated with menstrual cycle irregularity and menopause. BMC Womens Health. 2018 Feb 6;18(1):36. doi: 10.1186/s12905-018-0528-x. PMID: 29409520; PMCID: PMC5801702.

  • Attia GM, Alharbi OA, Aljohani RM. The Impact of Irregular Menstruation on Health: A Review of the Literature. Cureus. 2023 Nov 20;15(11):e49146. doi: 10.7759/cureus.49146. PMID: 38130524; PMCID: PMC10733621.

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