What are common causes of pain during sex?

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

Pain during sex, medically known as dyspareunia, is a common condition that can affect both women and men. It may result from physical causes such as vaginal infections, hormonal changes (like those during menopause), endometriosis, or injuries. Emotional factors, including stress, anxiety, or past trauma, can also contribute. Because the causes vary widely, identifying the root of the pain is essential to finding effective treatment and relief.

If you're experiencing pain during sex, don't ignore it—your symptoms could point to something easily treatable, or a condition that needs medical attention. Taking a free, instant, online symptom check can help you better understand what may be causing your discomfort and guide your next steps with confidence.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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Explanation

Pain during sex, or dyspareunia, can have various causes. Physical causes include infections, changes in hormone levels, or injuries to the pelvic area. For example, a vaginal infection or not having enough natural lubrication can make sex painful. Hormonal changes, especially during menopause, can also cause dryness and discomfort.

Emotional causes are also important. Stress, anxiety, or past trauma can make sex uncomfortable. When a person feels anxious or stressed, their body might tense up, making it hard to relax and enjoy sex.

To help identify what might be causing your discomfort, consider using a free symptom checker to get personalized insights based on your specific symptoms. A healthcare provider can then help confirm the cause and suggest ways to make it better, like using lubricants, trying different positions, or talking to a counselor. Remember, it's okay to seek help and find ways to make sex comfortable and enjoyable.

(References)

Graziottin A. (2003). Etiology and diagnosis of coital pain. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 12834036.
Heim LJ. (2001). Evaluation and differential diagnosis of dyspareunia. American family physician, 11327429.
Hill DA, & Taylor CA. (2021). Dyspareunia in Women. American family physician, 33983001.

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