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Learn more about Endometriosis
Content updated on Jun 1, 2022
What is endometriosis?
A condition where endometrial cells (cells that line the womb) grow in other places such as the ovaries. This causes pain that is worst during menses but the symptoms can vary. The exact cause is unclear, but it can affect women of any age. There are several possible explanations including the backwards flow of menstrual blood into the abdominal cavity, disorder for the immune system or transformation of the normal cells of the abdomen.
Symptoms related to endometriosis
Low back pain
Abdominal pain
Lower left abdomen or tummy pain
Lower abdomen/tummy pain when passing motion
Painful menstrual cramps
Pain in the pelvis- the lowest part of the abdomen, between the belly button and groin
History of infertility
Questions your doctor may ask to check for endometriosis
Your doctor may ask these questions to diagnose endometriosis
Do you have pain in the lumbar back?
Do you have abdominal pain (stomach ache)?
Do you have pain in the bottom left area of your abdomen (stomach)?
Do you have lower abdominal (stomach) pain when you empty your bowels?
Do you have severe menstrual cramps?
Treatment for endometriosis
Treatment aims to relieve symptoms with a combination of medications and surgery. Medication options include painkillers, contraceptives and hormone therapy. Surgery may be offered for severe disease, and may help with infertility.
View the symptoms of Endometriosis
Diseases related to Endometriosis
References
Mehedintu C, Plotogea MN, Ionescu S, Antonovici M. Endometriosis still a challenge. J Med Life. 2014 Sep 15;7(3):349-57. Epub 2014 Sep 25. PMID: 25408753; PMCID: PMC4233437.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4233437/
Czyzyk A, Podfigurna A, Szeliga A, Meczekalski B. Update on endometriosis pathogenesis. Minerva Ginecol. 2017 Oct;69(5):447-461. doi: 10.23736/S0026-4784.17.04048-5. Epub 2017 Mar 7. PMID: 28271702.
https://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/minerva-obstetrics-gynecology/article.php?cod=R09Y2017N05A0447
Burney RO, Giudice LC. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2012 Sep;98(3):511-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.06.029. Epub 2012 Jul 20. PMID: 22819144; PMCID: PMC3836682.
https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(12)00682-6/fulltext
Falcone T, Flyckt R. Clinical Management of Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Mar;131(3):557-571. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002469. PMID: 29420391.
https://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Abstract/2018/03000/Clinical_Management_of_Endometriosis.23.aspx
Vercellini P, Viganò P, Somigliana E, Fedele L. Endometriosis: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 May;10(5):261-75. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.255. Epub 2013 Dec 24. PMID: 24366116.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2013.255
Medically Reviewed By:
Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD
Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)
in our Medical Expert Team
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Developed by doctors.
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Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD
Obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN)
National Center for Child Health and Development, Japan