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Published on: 4/7/2025

What Is the Typical Cycle of Self Harm?

Self-harm often follows a cycle that starts with strong, overwhelming feelings, followed by an urge to hurt oneself, a brief sense of relief after self-harming, and then feelings of shame or guilt that can lead back to more self-harm.

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Explanation

The cycle of self-harm typically begins when someone experiences intense emotions like sadness, anger, or distress. These feelings accumulate and become overwhelming. Eventually, the person may feel compelled to harm themselves as a way to manage these emotions. Self-harm may provide temporary relief from emotional pain, but this feeling is fleeting. Afterward, people often experience regret, shame, or guilt, as the physical harm doesn't address their underlying emotional distress. These intense emotions gradually build up again, perpetuating the cycle. To break this cycle, it's important to learn healthier ways to manage difficult feelings, like talking to a trusted person or practicing calming techniques. Talking to a mental health professional can help develop personalized coping strategies and address the underlying causes of self-harm.

(References)

  • Klonsky ED. The functions of deliberate self-injury: a review of the evidence. Clin Psychol Rev. 2007 Mar;27(2):226-39. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.002. Epub 2006 Oct 2. PMID: 17014942.

  • Sheehy K, Noureen A, Khaliq A, Dhingra K, Husain N, Pontin EE, Cawley R, Taylor PJ. An examination of the relationship between shame, guilt and self-harm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2019 Nov;73:101779. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101779. Epub 2019 Oct 30. PMID: 31707184; PMCID: PMC6891258.

  • Lei H, Xiong J, Rao Y, Zhu T, Zhang X. Relationships among self-esteem, depression and self-injury in adolescents: a longitudinal study. Front Public Health. 2024 May 15;12:1406283. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1406283. PMID: 38813433; PMCID: PMC11135207.

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