Published on: 4/7/2025
What Illnesses Can Cause Numbness in the Big Toe Only?
Numbness in the big toe can be caused by various medical conditions, often related to nerve issues or localized problems in the foot.
Explanation
Nerve Compression or Entrapment
- Morton's Neuroma: This condition involves a thickening of the tissue around a nerve leading to the toes, often causing pain and numbness in the affected toe(s). While it typically affects the third and fourth toes, it can sometimes cause symptoms in the big toe.
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Compression of the tibial nerve as it passes through the tarsal tunnel can lead to numbness in the toes, including the big toe.
Peripheral Neuropathy
- Diabetic Neuropathy: Diabetes can lead to nerve damage, resulting in numbness or tingling in the toes. While it often affects multiple toes, it can sometimes present as isolated numbness in the big toe.
- Alcoholic Neuropathy: Chronic alcohol use can lead to peripheral nerve damage, which may manifest as numbness in the toes.
Circulatory Issues
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Reduced blood flow to the extremities can cause numbness or tingling in the toes. While PAD typically affects multiple toes, it can sometimes present as isolated symptoms.
Structural Issues
- Hallux Valgus (Bunion): A bunion can cause pressure on the nerves around the big toe, leading to numbness. This condition is characterized by a bony bump at the base of the big toe.
- Hammertoe: This deformity can lead to pressure on the nerves and result in numbness in the affected toe.
Infections or Inflammatory Conditions
- Gout: This form of arthritis can cause sudden and severe pain in the big toe, and while it primarily causes pain, inflammation can lead to numbness.
- Infections: Localized infections in the toe or foot can lead to swelling and pressure on nerves, resulting in numbness.
Other Neurological Conditions
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS): While less common, MS can cause various neurological symptoms, including numbness in specific areas of the body, such as the big toe.
- Herniated Disc: A herniated disc in the lower back can compress nerves that affect the lower extremities, potentially leading to numbness in the big toe.
(References)
Nakatani M, Sasaki H, Kurisu S, Yamaoka H, Matsuno S, Ogawa K, Yamasaki H, Wakasaki H, Furuta H, Nishi M, Akamizu T, Nanjo K. Numbness and paresthesia in bilateral toes and soles, and disproportional sweating restricted to face and trunk are suitable symptoms useful for the diagnosis of diabetic symmetric polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Investig. 2011 Nov 30;2(6):464-73. doi: 10.1111/j.2040-1124.2011.00124.x. PMID: 24843531; PMCID: PMC4014906.
Herron ML, Kar S, Beard D, Binfield P. Sensory dysfunction in the great toe in hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004 Jan;86(1):54-7. PMID: 14765866.
Drăghici NC, Văcăraș V, Bolchis R, Bashimov A, Domnița DM, Iluț S, Popa LL, Lupescu TD, Mureșanu DF. Diagnostic Approach to Lower Limb Entrapment Neuropathies: A Narrative Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Nov 4;13(21):3385. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13213385. PMID: 37958280; PMCID: PMC10647627.
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