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Published on: 7/21/2026

How is Legionnaires' disease contracted or spread?

Legionnaires' disease is a serious form of pneumonia caused by inhaling mist or water droplets contaminated with Legionella bacteria. These bacteria commonly grow in building water systems such as cooling towers, hot tubs, decorative fountains, large plumbing systems, and hot water tanks. People typically become infected when contaminated water becomes aerosolized and is breathed into the lungs. It is not spread from person to person.

If you've been exposed to a potential source or are experiencing symptoms like cough, fever, shortness of breath, or muscle aches, acting quickly matters—Legionnaires' disease can become severe without prompt treatment. A fast, private, and free symptom check can help you understand what may be causing your symptoms and guide your next steps, so you can seek the right care with confidence.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/20/2026

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Explanation

Legionnaires' disease is caused by a bacterium called Legionella, which can be found in water systems. People usually get sick when they breathe in small droplets of water that have the bacteria in them. If you're experiencing respiratory symptoms or are concerned about potential exposure, you can check your symptoms to better understand what might be happening.

Sources of Legionella:

  1. Hospitals: According to research, Legionella bacteria can be present in hospital water systems, and special care is needed to prevent its spread in these settings.
  2. Tap Water: Recent studies have shown that tap water can sometimes be a source of Legionnaires' disease, especially if the water systems are not properly maintained.
  3. In-Hospital Transmission: Other potential ways the disease can spread in hospitals include through systems like air conditioning or other water-related systems.

To prevent the disease, it is important to keep water systems clean and well-maintained, especially in places like hospitals where people might be more likely to get sick.

(References)

  • Hart CA, & Makin T. (1991). Legionella in hospitals: a review. The Journal of hospital infection, 1679819.

  • Mentula S, Kääriäinen S, Jaakola S, Niittynen M, Airaksinen P, Koivula I, et al. (2023). Tap water as the source of a Legionnaires' disease .... Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 36927717.

  • Woo AH, Yu VL, & Goetz A. (1986). Potential in-hospital modes of transmission of Legionella .... The American journal of medicine, 3457525.

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