What Happens If My Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Levels Are Low?

ALP is an enzyme found in various tissues throughout the body, with the highest concentrations in the liver, bones, and intestines. While elevated ALP often signals liver or bone issues, low ALP can also be a cause for concern. One of the most serious causes of persistently low ALP is hypophosphatasia, a rare inherited disorder that affects bone and tooth development. This condition can range in severity from asymptomatic to life-threatening, particularly in infants. Genetic mutations responsible for hypophosphatasia impair the normal function of the ALP enzyme, leading to skeletal abnormalities and other complications. Other potential causes of low ALP include malnutrition, particularly deficiencies in zinc, magnesium, and vitamin B6. These nutrients are essential for ALP production, and their deficiency can lead to decreased enzyme activity. Certain medications, such as oral contraceptives and some antibiotics, can also lower ALP levels. In some cases, low ALP might be a temporary finding and not indicative of a serious health problem. However, persistent low ALP warrants further investigation to identify the underlying cause. A thorough medical evaluation, including a review of medical history, physical examination, and additional laboratory tests, is necessary to determine the appropriate course of action.