What do multiple myeloma test results typically indicate?

Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. To find out if someone has multiple myeloma, doctors use several tests that look at blood, urine, and sometimes bone marrow.

Key Tests and What They Show:

1. Blood Tests: These tests look for high levels of certain proteins, like M protein, which is often found in people with multiple myeloma. Blood tests also check for changes in calcium, kidney function, and the number of blood cells.

2. Urine Tests: Urine tests can find Bence Jones proteins, which are small parts of the M protein and can be a sign of multiple myeloma.

3. Bone Marrow Tests: Sometimes, doctors need to take a small sample of bone marrow to see if there are too many plasma cells.

4. Imaging Tests: X-rays or other scans can show if bones are damaged or have holes, which is common in multiple myeloma.

These tests together help doctors understand if multiple myeloma is present and how severe it might be, guiding treatment decisions.