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Published on: 7/15/2026

What's the difference between NSAIDs and steroids?

Yoshinori Abe

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

NSAIDs vs. Steroids: What's the Difference?

NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and steroids both reduce inflammation and pain, but they work through different mechanisms and carry different risks.

  • NSAIDs (like ibuprofen, naproxen, and aspirin) block enzymes called COX-1 and COX-2 to reduce inflammation. Common side effects include stomach irritation, ulcers, and increased risk of heart or kidney issues with long-term use.
  • Steroids (like prednisone and cortisone) mimic hormones your body naturally produces to suppress the immune system and inflammation more broadly. Side effects can include weight gain, mood changes, high blood sugar, bone loss, and increased infection risk.

Key difference: NSAIDs are typically used for mild to moderate pain and inflammation, while steroids are prescribed for more severe or chronic inflammatory conditions.

If you're weighing which option might be right for you—or wondering whether your symptoms even require medication—it's worth getting clarity before making a decision. A free, instant, online symptom check can help you understand what may be causing your pain or inflammation and guide your next steps, whether that's self-care, seeing a doctor, or exploring treatment options. It takes just a few minutes and could save you time, money, and unnecessary side effects.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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Important Next Steps

Learn which pain relievers fit your symptomsDiscover if your symptoms need urgent careFind out what's causing your inflammationSee OTC options for swelling reliefFind a doctor for inflammation treatmentUnderstand medically valid home remedies for inflammationCheck if steroids or NSAIDs suit you

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Explanation

NSAIDs, like ibuprofen, are medications that help reduce pain and inflammation by blocking certain chemicals in the body. They are commonly used for headaches, arthritis, and other minor aches. However, they can cause stomach upset and, with long-term use, may lead to stomach ulcers or kidney problems.

Steroids, such as prednisone, are powerful medicines that also reduce inflammation but in a different way. They are often used for more serious conditions like asthma or autoimmune diseases. While effective, steroids can have side effects like weight gain, high blood pressure, and weakened bones if used for a long time.

Key Differences:

  1. Mechanism of Action: NSAIDs block specific enzymes to reduce inflammation, while steroids alter the immune response.
  2. Uses: NSAIDs are often used for everyday pain, whereas steroids are reserved for more serious inflammatory conditions.
  3. Side Effects: NSAIDs can affect the stomach and kidneys, while steroids can impact weight, blood pressure, and bone strength.

Understanding these differences can help in choosing the right medication for different health needs. If you're experiencing persistent pain or inflammation and want personalized guidance, try our free AI symptom checker to better understand your symptoms and next steps.

(References)

  • Giovannini M, Mandelli M, Gualdi C, & Palazzo S. (2013). Ibuprofen versus steroids: risk and benefit, efficacy and .... La Pediatria medica e chirurgica : Medical and surgical pediatrics, 24516940.

  • Dequeker J. (1999). NSAIDs/corticosteroids--primum non nocere. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 10599363.

  • Sun F, Zhang Y, & Li Q. (2017). Therapeutic mechanisms of ibuprofen, prednisone and .... Molecular medicine reports, 28035387.

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