What causes pain in enlarged male breasts, and how might hormonal imbalances be involved?

Gynecomastia happens when there is extra breast tissue in males. This tissue can become painful when it stretches the skin and tissues underneath, causing discomfort or tenderness. Hormones are natural chemicals in our bodies that help control many processes. When the balance between estrogen (often thought of as a “female hormone”) and testosterone (a “male hormone”) shifts—such as when estrogen is relatively higher—even a small change can encourage extra tissue to grow. This growth can make the breast area sore, especially during times when hormones naturally fluctuate or when the body is adjusting to new levels. In some cases, medications, metabolic problems, or other health issues can also lead to this hormonal imbalance. Doctors use information from studies to understand these changes better and to help people manage symptoms through treatments or lifestyle changes that address the imbalance. Remember, this explanation is for learning and not meant as personal medical advice.