What Are the Possible Causes of Female Pelvic Pain?

Gynecological Causes:

• Endometriosis: This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of it, leading to pain, especially during menstruation. It can cause significant discomfort and may affect fertility.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): PID is an infection of the reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections. It can lead to chronic pain and complications if not treated promptly.
• Ovarian Cysts: These fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries can cause pain if they become large or rupture. Symptoms may include sharp or dull pain in the pelvic area.

Urological Causes:

• Interstitial Cystitis: This chronic condition affects the bladder and can cause pelvic pain, frequent urination, and discomfort during sexual activity. The exact cause is not well understood.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): UTIs can lead to pelvic pain, especially if the infection spreads to the bladder or kidneys. Symptoms often include burning during urination and increased urgency to urinate.

Gastrointestinal Causes:

• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): This functional gastrointestinal disorder can cause abdominal pain and discomfort, which may be felt in the pelvic region. Symptoms often include bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits.
• Diverticulitis: Inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the walls of the colon can lead to pelvic pain, along with other symptoms like fever and changes in bowel habits.

Musculoskeletal Causes:

• Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Issues with the muscles and ligaments that support the pelvic organs can lead to pain. This may be due to muscle tension, weakness, or injury.
• Fibromyalgia: This chronic pain condition can cause widespread pain, including in the pelvic area. It is often accompanied by fatigue and sleep disturbances.

Other Contributing Factors:

• Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, and depression can contribute to or exacerbate pelvic pain. Psychological factors can influence how pain is perceived and managed.
• Previous Surgeries: Surgical procedures in the pelvic area can lead to scar tissue formation, which may cause pain and discomfort.