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Published on: 7/14/2026
The persistent feeling of incomplete bowel emptying, medically known as tenesmus, is most often caused by constipation due to slow colon transit or dysfunction of the pelvic floor muscles used during bowel movements. Other potential causes include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease, or rectal inflammation.
Because this symptom can stem from several different conditions—some minor, some requiring medical attention—it's important to identify the likely cause before deciding on next steps. Take a free, instant, online symptom check to get personalized insights based on your specific symptoms and learn what to do next.
Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/14/2026
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Submit your own QuestionMany people feel like they still need to go even after a bowel movement. This can happen when the colon does not move stool along fast enough, a condition called colonic dysmotility. When the muscles of the colon are slow or weak, it can make it hard for stool to move through completely.
Another possible cause is a problem with the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles are important for coordinating the push during a bowel movement. If they are not working well or are uncoordinated, a person may feel as if their bowels are not fully emptied. Both of these issues can lead to chronic constipation, where bowel movements become infrequent or difficult.
When constipation lasts a long time, it can also lead to discomfort or pain. If you're experiencing persistent bowel issues, you can check your symptoms to better understand what might be causing your discomfort and when you should seek medical care. Talking to your doctor if constipation persists or is painful is recommended.
(References)
Sarna SK. Colonic Motility: From Bench Side to Bedside. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. Colonic Motility Dysfunction. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53473/
Bharucha AE, Wald A. Chronic Constipation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Nov;94(11):2340-2357. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.031. Epub 2019 May 1. PMID: 31054770; PMCID: PMC6829047.
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
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