Incomplete Bowel Evacuation
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Incomplete bowel movements
Straining to poop
Frequent bowel movements
Feeling of fullness in rectal area
Feeling of fullness in stomach without eating
Hard to pass stool
Obstructed bowel
Feels like blockage in rectal area
Incomplete defecation
Feeling of incomplete bowel movement
Bowels not emptying fully
Incomplete bowel evacuation
About the Symptom
Also known as incomplete evacuation. It describes the feeling that you need to pass poop, but can pass only a small amount or no stool at all.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Unable to completely empty the bowels
Possible Causes
Generally, Incomplete bowel evacuation can be related to:
- Constipation
Difficulty passing stool. Constipation can also refer to a decrease in stool quantity (e.g. passing stool every day but only small amounts). It can be caused by various factors, including dietary habits, mobility, illnesses, and medications.
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A condition with recurring episodes of abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and constipation. IBS is diagnosed when no clear cause can be found despite investigations. The exact cause of IBS is unknown, but stress and certain foods are known to cause flare-ups.
- Colon Cancer
Cancer of the large intestine which is the final part of the digestive tumors. It often grows from non-cancerous polyps in the intestine. Both polyps and colon cancers can be found during colonoscopy (camera test of colon). Symptoms can include blood in stool, diarrhea or constipation or both, or abdominal pain but many times there are no symptoms and the cancer is found on colonoscopy. It can be easily treated in early stages, so the general population is encouraged to get screened with colonoscopy and sometimes stool tests. Risk factors include a family history of colon cancer or polyps, or a personal history of abnormal polyps, low-fiber high-fat diets, some inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, obesity, and lack of exercise.
- Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Infectious enteritis
- Uterine Prolapse
- Ulcerative Colitis
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Incomplete bowel evacuation may be related to these serious diseases:
- Bowel obstruction
This happens when the intestines are blocked, for example, by tumors or scar tissue from past surgeries. Quick medical attention is necessary.
- Diverticulitis
- Acute Appendicitis
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you feel unable to completely empty your bowels?
- When did you first notice feeling unable to completely empty your bowels?
- How often do you feel unable to completely empty your bowels?
- How is your feeling unable to completely empty your bowels now?
Reviewed By:
Samantha Nazareth, MD (Gastroenterology)
Board-certified gastroenterologist. Experience managing gastrointestinal conditions (GERD, IBS, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, celiac disease, NASH) within healthcare organizations (three ambulatory surgical centers, single-specialty practice, multi-specialty practice and solo practice).
Aiko Yoshioka, MD (Gastroenterology)
Dr. Yoshioka graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine. He worked as a gastroenterologist at Saiseikai Niigata Hospital and Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital before serving as the Deputy Chief of Gastroenterology at Tsubame Rosai Hospital and Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. Dr. Yoshioka joined Saitama Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital as Chief of Gastroenterology in April 2018.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- Sensation of fecal matter in the rectum after bowel movement
- Incomplete bowel movement
- Cannot poop completely
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FAQs
Q.
Can frequent straining to poop lead to complications like bleeding or hemorrhoids?
A.
Yes, frequently straining to poop can lead to problems such as bleeding and hemorrhoids
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Enlarged hemorrhoids. [Updated 2021 Dec 9]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500009/
De Marco S, Tiso D. Lifestyle and Risk Factors in Hemorrhoidal Disease. Front Surg. 2021 Aug 18;8:729166. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.729166. PMID: 34485376; PMCID: PMC8416428.
Q.
How are incomplete bowel movements and bloating related?
A.
Not fully emptying the bowel can lead to gas buildup in the gut, which makes the belly feel bloated.
References:
Shim L, Prott G, Hansen RD, Simmons LE, Kellow JE, Malcolm A. Prolonged balloon expulsion is predictive of abdominal distension in bloating. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):883-7. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.54. Epub 2010 Feb 23. PMID: 20179695.
Heidelbaugh J, Martinez de Andino N, Pineles D, Poppers DM. Diagnosing Constipation Spectrum Disorders in a Primary Care Setting. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 5;10(5):1092. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051092. PMID: 33807888; PMCID: PMC7961346.
Enck P, Aziz Q, Barbara G, Farmer AD, Fukudo S, Mayer EA, Niesler B, Quigley EM, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Schemann M, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Simren M, Zipfel S, Spiller RC. Irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Mar 24;2:16014. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.14. PMID: 27159638; PMCID: PMC5001845.
Q.
How can a feeling of blockage in the rectal area be evaluated and treated?
A.
A feeling of blockage in the rectal area can be checked with tests that look at how your rectum works and can be treated through methods such as lifestyle changes, medications, or sometimes procedures to help with passing stool.
References:
Fabrizio AC, Alimi Y, Kumar AS. Methods of Evaluation of Anorectal Causes of Obstructed Defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593427. PMID: 28144212; PMCID: PMC5179274.
Carrington EV, Scott SM, Bharucha A, Mion F, Remes-Troche JM, Malcolm A, Heinrich H, Fox M, Rao SS; International Anorectal Physiology Working Group and the International Working Group for Disorders of Gastrointestinal Motility and Function. Expert consensus document: Advances in the evaluation of anorectal function. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 May;15(5):309-323. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2018.27. Epub 2018 Apr 11. PMID: 29636555; PMCID: PMC6028941.
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Q.
How can incomplete bowel movements be managed in daily life?
A.
Incomplete bowel movements can be managed by making changes to diet, exercise, bathroom habits, and sometimes using medications or techniques to help the muscles work better.
References:
Włodarczyk J, Waśniewska A, Fichna J, Dziki A, Dziki Ł, Włodarczyk M. Current Overview on Clinical Management of Chronic Constipation. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 16;10(8):1738. doi: 10.3390/jcm10081738. PMID: 33923772; PMCID: PMC8073140.
Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M. Management of obstructed defecation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1053-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053. PMID: 25632177; PMCID: PMC4306148.
Tse Y, Armstrong D, Andrews CN, Bitton A, Bressler B, Marshall J, Liu LW. Treatment Algorithm for Chronic Idiopathic Constipation and Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Derived from a Canadian National Survey and Needs Assessment on Choices of Therapeutic Agents. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;2017:8612189. doi: 10.1155/2017/8612189. Epub 2017 Feb 8. PMID: 28271055; PMCID: PMC5320366.
Q.
How does IBS contribute to incomplete bowel movements?
A.
IBS can change how your gut works, making it harder to fully empty your bowels. This happens because the muscles and nerves in your intestines don’t always work the way they should.
References:
Di Rosa C, Altomare A, Terrigno V, Carbone F, Tack J, Cicala M, Guarino MPL. Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS-C): Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns on Intestinal Dysbiosis and Symptoms. Nutrients. 2023 Mar 28;15(7):1647. doi: 10.3390/nu15071647. PMID: 37049488; PMCID: PMC10096616.
Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation From the IBS in America 2024 Real-World Survey Experience Burdensome Symptoms Beyond Constipation. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2024 Dec;20(12 Suppl 9):5-7. PMID: 39896923; PMCID: PMC11784544.
Saha L. Irritable bowel syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and evidence-based medicine. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jun 14;20(22):6759-73. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6759. PMID: 24944467; PMCID: PMC4051916.
Q.
What are the possible causes of feeling stomach fullness without eating?
A.
Feeling full without eating can happen because of gas buildup, slow stomach emptying, or other digestive problems. This feeling may be linked to conditions like bloating, gastroparesis, or irritable bowel issues and if continuous or severe is cause to see a doctor.
References:
Ballou S, Singh P, Nee J, Rangan V, Iturrino J, Geeganage G, Löwe B, Bangdiwala SI, Palsson OS, Sperber AD, Lembo A, Lehmann M. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Bloating: Results From the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study. Gastroenterology. 2023 Sep;165(3):647-655.e4. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.05.049. Epub 2023 Jun 13. PMID: 37315866; PMCID: PMC10527500.
Mari A, Abu Backer F, Mahamid M, Amara H, Carter D, Boltin D, Dickman R. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Clinical Approach and Management. Adv Ther. 2019 May;36(5):1075-1084. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00924-7. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID: 30879252; PMCID: PMC6824367.
Parkman HP, Hallinan EK, Hasler WL, Farrugia G, Koch KL, Nguyen L, Snape WJ, Abell TL, McCallum RW, Sarosiek I, Pasricha PJ, Clarke J, Miriel L, Tonascia J, Hamilton F; NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC). Early satiety and postprandial fullness in gastroparesis correlate with gastroparesis severity, gastric emptying, and water load testing. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Apr;29(4):10.1111/nmo.12981. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12981. Epub 2016 Oct 25. PMID: 27781342; PMCID: PMC5367988.
Q.
What are the potential causes of feeling a blockage in the rectal area?
A.
Feeling like there is a blockage in your rectal area can come from problems with how your rectum senses and pushes out stool, or from physical blocks like stool buildup.
References:
Lee TH, Lee JS, Hong SJ, Jeon SR, Kwon SH, Kim WJ, Kim HG, Cho WY, Cho JY, Kim JO, Lee JS. Rectal hyposensitivity and functional anorectal outlet obstruction are common entities in patients with functional constipation but are not significantly associated. Korean J Intern Med. 2013 Jan;28(1):54-61. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2013.28.1.54. Epub 2012 Dec 28. PMID: 23345997; PMCID: PMC3543961.
Fabrizio AC, Alimi Y, Kumar AS. Methods of Evaluation of Anorectal Causes of Obstructed Defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593427. PMID: 28144212; PMCID: PMC5179274.
Updated 2024 Nov 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441888/
Q.
What are the potential treatments for a feeling of incomplete defecation?
A.
Treatments for a feeling of incomplete defecation include lifestyle changes, medications like laxatives, and therapies such as biofeedback to help the muscles in your bottom work better.
References:
Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M. Management of obstructed defecation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1053-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053. PMID: 25632177; PMCID: PMC4306148.
Włodarczyk J, Waśniewska A, Fichna J, Dziki A, Dziki Ł, Włodarczyk M. Current Overview on Clinical Management of Chronic Constipation. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 16;10(8):1738. doi: 10.3390/jcm10081738. PMID: 33923772; PMCID: PMC8073140.
Camilleri M, Ford AC, Mawe GM, Dinning PG, Rao SS, Chey WD, Simrén M, Lembo A, Young-Fadok TM, Chang L. Chronic constipation. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Dec 14;3:17095. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.95. PMID: 29239347.
Q.
What are the symptoms of an obstructed bowel and how is it diagnosed?
A.
An obstructed bowel happens when something blocks the normal passage of food or waste, causing pain, nausea or vomiting, and other symptoms such as fever or a lack of vowel movements. Doctors use imaging tests, like X-rays or CT scans, to help find the blockage.
References:
Updated 2025 Jan 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448079/
Updated 2024 Nov 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441888/
Jackson P, Vigiola Cruz M. Intestinal Obstruction: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Sep 15;98(6):362-367. PMID: 30215917.
Q.
What are the underlying causes of the feeling of incomplete bowel emptying?
A.
The feeling of incomplete bowel emptying can be caused by problems with how the muscles and nerves in the gut and pelvic area work, which may lead to slow movement of stool or difficulty clearing all stool from the rectum.
References:
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Andrews CN, Storr M. The pathophysiology of chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;25 Suppl B(Suppl B):16B-21B. PMID: 22114753; PMCID: PMC3206564.
Ihana-Sugiyama N, Nagata N, Yamamoto-Honda R, Izawa E, Kajio H, Shimbo T, Kakei M, Uemura N, Akiyama J, Noda M. Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 21;22(11):3252-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252. PMID: 27004003; PMCID: PMC4790001.
Q.
What could be causing a feeling of fullness without having eaten anything?
A.
Feeling full when you haven't eaten can be due to conditions like gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, or bloating from functional gastrointestinal disorders.
References:
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, Chiarioni G. Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders: where are we and where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14407-19. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14407. PMID: 25339827; PMCID: PMC4202369.
Reddivari AKR, Mehta P. Gastroparesis. [Updated 2024 Feb 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/
Updated 2024 Jun 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554563/
Q.
What could cause a persistent feeling of incomplete evacuation after a bowel movement?
A.
A constant feeling that you haven’t fully emptied your bowels can be caused by constipation from slow colon movement or a problem with the muscles used during bowel movements.
References:
Sarna SK. Colonic Motility: From Bench Side to Bedside. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. Colonic Motility Dysfunction. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK53473/
Bharucha AE, Wald A. Chronic Constipation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2019 Nov;94(11):2340-2357. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.031. Epub 2019 May 1. PMID: 31054770; PMCID: PMC6829047.
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
Q.
What could cause a sensation of fullness in the stomach while still feeling hungry?
A.
This sensation might happen when the signals from your stomach and brain are a bit mixed up. It involves hormones and the way your stomach empties food, which can make you feel full even when you're still hungry.
References:
Rakha A, Mehak F, Shabbir MA, Arslan M, Ranjha MMAN, Ahmed W, Socol CT, Rusu AV, Hassoun A, Aadil RM. Insights into the constellating drivers of satiety impacting dietary patterns and lifestyle. Front Nutr. 2022 Sep 20;9:1002619. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1002619. PMID: 36225863; PMCID: PMC9549911.
Cifuentes L, Acosta A. Homeostatic regulation of food intake. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2022 Feb;46(2):101794. doi: 10.1016/j.clinre.2021.101794. Epub 2021 Sep 1. PMID: 34481092; PMCID: PMC9721532.
Santoro S. Stomachs: does the size matter? Aspects of intestinal satiety, gastric satiety, hunger and gluttony. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012;67(4):301-3. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2012(04)01. PMID: 22522753; PMCID: PMC3317257.
Q.
What could cause a sensation that feels like a blockage in the rectal area?
A.
A feeling of blockage in the rectal area can be caused by a hard mass of stool (fecal impaction), a fold of the rectal wall (rectoanal intussusception), or changes in how you feel things in that area (rectal hyposensitivity).
References:
Obokhare I. Fecal impaction: a cause for concern? Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2012 Mar;25(1):53-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301760. PMID: 23449376; PMCID: PMC3348734.
Blaker K, Anandam JL. Functional Disorders: Rectoanal Intussusception. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):5-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593433. PMID: 28144206; PMCID: PMC5179278.
Jiang Y, Wang Y, Wang M, Lin L, Tang Y. Clinical significance and related factors of rectal hyposensitivity in patients with functional defecation disorder. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Feb 21;10:1119617. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1119617. PMID: 36895717; PMCID: PMC9988933.
Q.
What could cause the sensation of something blocking during a bowel movement?
A.
The feeling of something blocking during a bowel movement can be caused by hard stool that gets stuck (fecal impaction), a blockage in the intestines (like from a small bowel obstruction), or pressure from a mass in the pelvic area.
References:
Updated 2025 Jan 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448079/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448079/
Serrano Falcón B, Barceló López M, Mateos Muñoz B, Álvarez Sánchez A, Rey E. Fecal impaction: a systematic review of its medical complications. BMC Geriatr. 2016 Jan 11;16:4. doi: 10.1186/s12877-015-0162-5. PMID: 26754969; PMCID: PMC4709889.
Murji A, Sobel ML. Bowel obstruction and pelvic mass. CMAJ. 2011 Apr 5;183(6):686-9. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.091851. Epub 2010 Dec 13. PMID: 21149525; PMCID: PMC3071390.
Q.
What dietary or lifestyle factors can make stools hard and difficult to pass?
A.
Eating foods low in fiber and not drinking enough water, along with not being active, can make stools hard and hard to pass.
References:
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
Rollet M, Bohn T, Vahid F, On Behalf Of The Oriscav Working Group. Association between Dietary Factors and Constipation in Adults Living in Luxembourg and Taking Part in the ORISCAV-LUX 2 Survey. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):122. doi: 10.3390/nu14010122. PMID: 35010999; PMCID: PMC8746799.
Sparberg M. Constipation. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 89.
Q.
What is the best way to pass hard stool when dealing with hemorrhoids?
A.
Eating lots of fiber, drinking plenty of water, and sometimes using a stool softener are the best ways to pass hard poop when you have hemorrhoids.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500009/
InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Enlarged hemorrhoids: Learn More – How can you relieve the symptoms yourself? [Updated 2021 Dec 9]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279466/
Sandler RS, Peery AF. Rethinking What We Know About Hemorrhoids. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Jan;17(1):8-15. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.03.020. Epub 2018 Mar 27. PMID: 29601902; PMCID: PMC7075634.
Q.
What might cause a heavy feeling in the rectal area?
A.
A heavy feeling in the rectal area may be caused by issues such as swollen blood vessels (hemorrhoids), ulcers in the rectum (solitary rectal ulcer syndrome), or a change in how the rectum holds and feels (an enlarged rectum).
References:
Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 7;18(17):2009-17. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2009. PMID: 22563187; PMCID: PMC3342598.
Zhu QC, Shen RR, Qin HL, Wang Y. Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment strategies. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jan 21;20(3):738-44. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.738. PMID: 24574747; PMCID: PMC3921483.
Verkuijl SJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Normal Rectal Filling Sensations in Patients with an Enlarged Rectum. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 May;64(5):1312-1319. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5201-6. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30003387; PMCID: PMC6548060.
Q.
What might cause a slight pressure sensation in the rectal area?
A.
A slight pressure feeling around the rectum might be due to how the muscles and nerves in the area work, sometimes linked with constipation or changes in rectal sensitivity.
References:
Staller K, Barshop K, Kuo B, Ananthakrishnan AN. Resting anal pressure, not outlet obstruction or transit, predicts healthcare utilization in chronic constipation: a retrospective cohort analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Oct;27(10):1378-88. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12628. Epub 2015 Jul 14. PMID: 26172284; PMCID: PMC4584201.
Knowles CH. Human studies of anorectal sensory function. Ir J Med Sci. 2018 Nov;187(4):1143-1147. doi: 10.1007/s11845-018-1847-5. Epub 2018 Jun 20. PMID: 29926337; PMCID: PMC6209020.
Choudhary A, Vollebregt PF, Aziz Q, Scott SM, Fikree A. Rectal hyposensitivity: a common pathophysiological finding in patients with constipation and associated hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Sep;56(5):802-813. doi: 10.1111/apt.17104. Epub 2022 Jun 27. PMID: 35758859; PMCID: PMC9541572.
Q.
What might cause sharp pain in the rectal area during or after a bowel movement?
A.
Sharp pain in the rectal area during or after a bowel movement can be caused by an anal fissure or enlarged hemorrhoids.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Enlarged hemorrhoids. [Updated 2021 Dec 9]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526063/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526063/
Lohsiriwat V. Anorectal emergencies. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul 14;22(26):5867-78. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i26.5867. PMID: 27468181; PMCID: PMC4948271.
Q.
What should I do if I have a constant feeling of fullness in the rectal area?
A.
Feelings of constant rectal fullness can happen for several reasons, such as enlarged hemorrhoids or problems with bowel movements. It is important to see a healthcare professional for a proper evaluation.
References:
Updated 2023 Nov 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539732/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539732/
Updated 2022 Sep 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Enlarged hemorrhoids. [Updated 2021 Dec 9]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
Q.
What steps can be taken to improve incomplete bowel elimination?
A.
Steps to improve incomplete bowel elimination include lifestyle modifications, appropriate medication use, and sometimes biofeedback therapy to help the muscles work better during bowel movements.
References:
Omar MI, Alexander CE. Drug treatment for faecal incontinence in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 11;2013(6):CD002116. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002116.pub2. PMID: 23757096; PMCID: PMC7098421.
Rao SS. Biofeedback therapy for constipation in adults. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011 Feb;25(1):159-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.01.004. PMID: 21382587; PMCID: PMC3073852.
Brown H, Grimes C. Current Trends in Management of Defecatory Dysfunction, Posterior Compartment Prolapse, and Fecal Incontinence. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep. 2016 Jun;5(2):165-171. doi: 10.1007/s13669-016-0148-0. PMID: 27547494; PMCID: PMC4990142.
Q.
Why might it feel like my anus is blocked during a bowel movement?
A.
Feeling like your anus is blocked during a bowel movement may be caused by hard stool buildup (fecal impaction) or problems with the muscles and nerves around the anus. This can make emptying your bowels difficult and uncomfortable.
References:
Fabrizio AC, Alimi Y, Kumar AS. Methods of Evaluation of Anorectal Causes of Obstructed Defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593427. PMID: 28144212; PMCID: PMC5179274.
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448094/
Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US); 2002-. Gastrointestinal Complications: Patient Version. 2024 Dec 11. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK66002/
Q.
Why might my bowel movements consistently feel incomplete?
A.
A feeling of incomplete bowel movements may be linked to constipation issues, where your colon or pelvic muscles aren’t emptying properly.
References:
Steele SR, Mellgren A. Constipation and obstructed defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May;20(2):110-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-977489. PMID: 20011385; PMCID: PMC2780173.
Su AM, Shih W, Presson AP, Chang L. Characterization of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome with mixed bowel habit pattern. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 Jan;26(1):36-45. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12220. Epub 2013 Aug 29. PMID: 23991913; PMCID: PMC3865067.
Singh P, Seo Y, Ballou S, Ludwig A, Hirsch W, Rangan V, Iturrino J, Lembo A, Nee JW. Pelvic Floor Symptom Related Distress in Chronic Constipation Correlates With a Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation and Constipation Severity but Not Pelvic Floor Dyssynergia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Jan 31;25(1):129-136. doi: 10.5056/jnm17139. PMID: 30646484; PMCID: PMC6326213.
Q.
Can hemorrhoids lead to a sensation of incomplete bowel movements?
A.
Hemorrhoids can sometimes make people feel like they haven’t completely finished their bowel movement, but this is not their most common symptom. Other factors, like constipation or pelvic floor problems, may also cause this feeling.
References:
Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 7;18(17):2009-17. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2009. PMID: 22563187; PMCID: PMC3342598.
Sanchez C, Chinn BT. Hemorrhoids. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2011 Mar;24(1):5-13. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1272818. PMID: 22379400; PMCID: PMC3140328.
Fontem RF, Eyvazzadeh D. Internal Hemorrhoid. [Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537182/
Q.
How are frequent bowel movements and excessive gas related?
A.
Frequent bowel movements and too much gas can both be signs that the gut is not working normally, such as in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). They are related because changes in how the gut moves and processes food can lead to extra gas and a need to go to the bathroom more often.
References:
Enck P, Aziz Q, Barbara G, Farmer AD, Fukudo S, Mayer EA, Niesler B, Quigley EM, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Schemann M, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Simren M, Zipfel S, Spiller RC. Irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Mar 24;2:16014. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.14. PMID: 27159638; PMCID: PMC5001845.
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Irritable bowel syndrome. [Updated 2023 Feb 27]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279416/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279416/
Updated 2022 Oct 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430851/
Q.
How can I address the issue of my bowels not emptying completely?
A.
Incomplete bowel emptying might occur due to constipation, changes in your stool, or difficulty with the muscles used for bowel movements. Addressing this issue often involves changing your diet, adjusting your habits, and discussing your condition with a healthcare provider.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448094/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448094/
Updated 2022 Sep 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
Andrews CN, Storr M. The pathophysiology of chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;25 Suppl B(Suppl B):16B-21B. PMID: 22114753; PMCID: PMC3206564.
Q.
How can incomplete bowel evacuation be managed or treated effectively?
A.
Incomplete bowel evacuation can often be helped by changing your diet, doing special exercises for your pelvic muscles, and sometimes using medicine. A doctor may also suggest biofeedback therapy to teach your muscles how to release stool more completely.
References:
Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M. Management of obstructed defecation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1053-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053. PMID: 25632177; PMCID: PMC4306148.
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31945360; PMCID: PMC7573977.
Rao SS, Patcharatrakul T. Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyssynergic Defecation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Jul 30;22(3):423-35. doi: 10.5056/jnm16060. PMID: 27270989; PMCID: PMC4930297.
Q.
How is an incomplete bowel movement defined and diagnosed?
A.
An incomplete bowel movement is when you feel like you haven’t fully emptied your bowels after going to the bathroom. Doctors diagnose it by asking about your symptoms and sometimes using tests to check how well your muscles work during a bowel movement.
References:
Gray JR. What is chronic constipation? Definition and diagnosis. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;25 Suppl B(Suppl B):7B-10B. PMID: 22114751; PMCID: PMC3206562.
Rao SS, Patcharatrakul T. Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyssynergic Defecation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Jul 30;22(3):423-35. doi: 10.5056/jnm16060. PMID: 27270989; PMCID: PMC4930297.
Bharucha AE, Wald AM. Anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):786-94. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.70. PMID: 20372131; PMCID: PMC3923303.
Q.
How is incomplete defecation diagnosed and treated?
A.
Incomplete defecation is diagnosed by asking about symptoms and doing tests to see how well the bowel and muscles work. Treatment usually starts with changes in diet and habits, and can include special exercises to help retrain the muscles.
References:
Rao SS, Patcharatrakul T. Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyssynergic Defecation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Jul 30;22(3):423-35. doi: 10.5056/jnm16060. PMID: 27270989; PMCID: PMC4930297.
Costilla VC, Foxx-Orenstein AE. Constipation in adults: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep;12(3):310-21. doi: 10.1007/s11938-014-0025-8. PMID: 25015533.
Fabrizio AC, Alimi Y, Kumar AS. Methods of Evaluation of Anorectal Causes of Obstructed Defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593427. PMID: 28144212; PMCID: PMC5179274.
Q.
What are possible medical explanations for not being able to fully empty my bowels?
A.
Not being able to fully empty your bowels can be linked to problems like chronic constipation, issues with pelvic floor muscles, or nerve and muscle problems that affect how your colon and rectum work.
References:
Chiba T, Kikuchi S, Omori S, Seino K. Chronic constipation and acute urinary retention. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Jan 1;34(1):e1-e2. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001970. PMID: 33273268; PMCID: PMC8614547.
Ihana-Sugiyama N, Nagata N, Yamamoto-Honda R, Izawa E, Kajio H, Shimbo T, Kakei M, Uemura N, Akiyama J, Noda M. Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 21;22(11):3252-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252. PMID: 27004003; PMCID: PMC4790001.
Bharucha AE, Dunivan G, Goode PS, Lukacz ES, Markland AD, Matthews CA, Mott L, Rogers RG, Zinsmeister AR, Whitehead WE, Rao SS, Hamilton FA. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of fecal incontinence: state of the science summary for the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) workshop. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan;110(1):127-36. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2014.396. Epub 2014 Dec 23. PMID: 25533002; PMCID: PMC4418464.
Q.
What are some immediate remedies to pass hard stool effectively and safely?
A.
To pass hard stool safely and quickly, using over‐the-counter stool softeners or mild laxatives, drinking plenty of water, and eating fiber-rich foods can help. These remedies make stool softer and help the bowels move more smoothly.
References:
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Rao SSC, Brenner DM. Efficacy and Safety of Over-the-Counter Therapies for Chronic Constipation: An Updated Systematic Review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021 Jun 1;116(6):1156-1181. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001222. PMID: 33767108; PMCID: PMC8191753.
Q.
What are the common causes of a persistent feeling of fullness in the stomach?
A.
Persistent stomach fullness is most often linked to slow stomach emptying, gas buildup, or functional issues like dyspepsia. Other factors, such as certain foods or overeating, can also cause this feeling.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056. Epub 2020 Apr 1. PMID: 32246999.
Mari A, Abu Backer F, Mahamid M, Amara H, Carter D, Boltin D, Dickman R. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Clinical Approach and Management. Adv Ther. 2019 May;36(5):1075-1084. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00924-7. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID: 30879252; PMCID: PMC6824367.
Hasler WL. Gas and Bloating. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2006 Sep;2(9):654-662. PMID: 28316536; PMCID: PMC5350578.
Q.
What are the common causes of feeling like a bowel movement is incomplete?
A.
Feeling like a bowel movement is incomplete is often caused by constipation and problems with the muscles used during bowel movements. Other reasons can include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which can make your bowel habits irregular.
References:
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Heidelbaugh J, Martinez de Andino N, Pineles D, Poppers DM. Diagnosing Constipation Spectrum Disorders in a Primary Care Setting. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 5;10(5):1092. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051092. PMID: 33807888; PMCID: PMC7961346.
Bellini M, Gambaccini D, Usai-Satta P, De Bortoli N, Bertani L, Marchi S, Stasi C. Irritable bowel syndrome and chronic constipation: Fact and fiction. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Oct 28;21(40):11362-70. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i40.11362. PMID: 26523103; PMCID: PMC4616212.
Q.
What are the most common causes of incomplete bowel movements?
A.
Incomplete bowel movements are often caused by constipation-related issues, including slow stool movement and problems with the muscles that help release the stool. Factors such as a low-fiber diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, and stress can also play a role.
References:
Heidelbaugh J, Martinez de Andino N, Pineles D, Poppers DM. Diagnosing Constipation Spectrum Disorders in a Primary Care Setting. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 5;10(5):1092. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051092. PMID: 33807888; PMCID: PMC7961346.
Tack J, Müller-Lissner S, Stanghellini V, Boeckxstaens G, Kamm MA, Simren M, Galmiche JP, Fried M. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation--a European perspective. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2011 Aug;23(8):697-710. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01709.x. Epub 2011 May 24. PMID: 21605282; PMCID: PMC3170709.
Dzierżanowski T, Ciałkowska-Rysz A. Behavioral risk factors of constipation in palliative care patients. Support Care Cancer. 2015 Jun;23(6):1787-93. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2495-6. Epub 2014 Dec 4. PMID: 25471176; PMCID: PMC4555193.
Q.
What are the potential causes of incomplete evacuation of the bowels?
A.
Incomplete bowel evacuation can happen when the muscles or nerves controlling the movement of the colon do not work properly. Other causes, like slow-moving bowels or structural issues, may also prevent complete emptying.
References:
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31945360; PMCID: PMC7573977.
Steele SR, Mellgren A. Constipation and obstructed defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2007 May;20(2):110-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-977489. PMID: 20011385; PMCID: PMC2780173.
Q.
What are the signs of incomplete stool evacuation and how can it be addressed?
A.
Incomplete stool evacuation means feeling like you haven't finished emptying your bowels after a bowel movement, and it can be helped by changes in diet, behavior, and sometimes specific therapies like pelvic floor training.
References:
Ingemansson A, Walter SA, Jones MP, Sjödahl J. Defecation Symptoms in Relation to Stool Consistency Significantly Reflect the Dyssynergic Pattern in High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Constipated Patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2024 Jan 1;58(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001794. PMID: 36730549.
Ihana-Sugiyama N, Nagata N, Yamamoto-Honda R, Izawa E, Kajio H, Shimbo T, Kakei M, Uemura N, Akiyama J, Noda M. Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 21;22(11):3252-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252. PMID: 27004003; PMCID: PMC4790001.
Costilla VC, Foxx-Orenstein AE. Constipation in adults: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep;12(3):310-21. doi: 10.1007/s11938-014-0025-8. PMID: 25015533.
Q.
What are the symptoms and treatment options for incomplete fecal evacuation?
A.
Incomplete fecal evacuation means feeling like you haven’t fully emptied your bowels, and it can cause discomfort along with other symptoms like straining or a sensation of blockage. Treatment often starts with changes in diet and exercises to improve bowel movements, with more advanced therapies used if needed.
References:
Fabrizio AC, Alimi Y, Kumar AS. Methods of Evaluation of Anorectal Causes of Obstructed Defecation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):46-56. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593427. PMID: 28144212; PMCID: PMC5179274.
Drossman DA. Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Rome IV. Gastroenterology. 2016 Feb 19:S0016-5085(16)00223-7. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.032. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 27144617.
Ingemansson A, Walter SA, Jones MP, Sjödahl J. Defecation Symptoms in Relation to Stool Consistency Significantly Reflect the Dyssynergic Pattern in High-resolution Anorectal Manometry in Constipated Patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2024 Jan 1;58(1):57-63. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001794. PMID: 36730549.
Q.
What are the treatment options for incomplete bowel emptying?
A.
Incomplete bowel emptying can be managed with lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes surgery if other treatments do not help.
References:
Riss S, Stift A. Surgery for obstructed defecation syndrome - is there an ideal technique. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 7;21(1):1-5. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.1. PMID: 25574075; PMCID: PMC4284324.
Sharma A, Rao S. Constipation: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2017;239:59-74. doi: 10.1007/164_2016_111. PMID: 28185025.
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31945360; PMCID: PMC7573977.
Q.
What conditions might cause a feeling of pressure in the rectal area?
A.
Many conditions can make you feel pressure in your rectal area. These include inflammation like proctitis, changes in the way the rectum fills or works, and other disorders affecting the muscles and tissues around the anus.
References:
Bharucha AE, Lee TH. Anorectal and Pelvic Pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016 Oct;91(10):1471-1486. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.08.011. PMID: 27712641; PMCID: PMC5123821.
Verkuijl SJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Normal Rectal Filling Sensations in Patients with an Enlarged Rectum. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 May;64(5):1312-1319. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5201-6. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30003387; PMCID: PMC6548060.
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430892/
Q.
What could be causing a sensation of stomach fullness without having eaten?
A.
Feeling full when you haven't eaten can happen with some common stomach problems that make your belly feel heavy or bloated, even if your tummy is actually empty.
References:
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, Chiarioni G. Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders: where are we and where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14407-19. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14407. PMID: 25339827; PMCID: PMC4202369.
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056. Epub 2020 Apr 1. PMID: 32246999.
Updated 2024 Jun 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554563/
Q.
What could be the reasons for a bowel movement feeling incomplete?
A.
Feeling like you haven't finished your bowel movement may have different causes, like constipation, muscle issues in the pelvis, or nerve problems.
References:
Sparberg M. Constipation. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 89.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK415/
Allen P, Setya A, Lawrence VN. Pediatric Functional Constipation. [Updated 2024 Jan 11]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537037/
Emmanuel A. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction. F1000Res. 2019 Oct 28;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1800. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.20529.1. PMID: 31700610; PMCID: PMC6820819.
Q.
What could cause a feeling of fullness when I haven't eaten much?
A.
Feeling full even when you haven't eaten much might happen because your stomach empties slowly (gastroparesis), changes that come with aging, or even after surgery. These issues can make your stomach feel full longer than usual.
References:
Pilgrim AL, Robinson SM, Sayer AA, Roberts HC. An overview of appetite decline in older people. Nurs Older People. 2015 Jun;27(5):29-35. doi: 10.7748/nop.27.5.29.e697. PMID: 26018489; PMCID: PMC4589891.
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/
Wagner M, Probst P, Haselbeck-Köbler M, Brandenburg JM, Kalkum E, Störzinger D, Kessler J, Simon JJ, Friederich HC, Angelescu M, Billeter AT, Hackert T, Müller-Stich BP, Büchler MW. The Problem of Appetite Loss After Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg. 2022 Aug 1;276(2):256-269. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005379. Epub 2022 Jan 27. PMID: 35129465; PMCID: PMC9259039.
Q.
What could cause a persistent feeling of fullness in the rectum?
A.
A persistent feeling of fullness in the rectum can be caused by problems in the anal area, especially by swollen veins (hemorrhoids) or other nearby conditions.
References:
Lohsiriwat V. Hemorrhoids: from basic pathophysiology to clinical management. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 May 7;18(17):2009-17. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i17.2009. PMID: 22563187; PMCID: PMC3342598.
Tsang CBS, Seow-Choen F. Anal incontinence. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6875/
Foxx-Orenstein AE, Umar SB, Crowell MD. Common anorectal disorders. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2014 May;10(5):294-301. PMID: 24987313; PMCID: PMC4076876.
Q.
What could cause frequent bowel movements without the presence of diarrhea?
A.
Frequent bowel movements without diarrhea can happen due to changes in how the gut works, sometimes linked to mild infections or conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
References:
Rao CD, Maiya PP, Babu MA. Non-diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND): enterovirus association with the symptoms in children. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 6;1(1):e000011. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000011. PMID: 26462266; PMCID: PMC4533327.
Rangan V, Mitsuhashi S, Singh P, Ballou S, Hirsch W, Sommers T, Nee J, Iturrino J, Lembo A. Risk Factors for Fecal Urgency Among Individuals With and Without Diarrhea, Based on Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Sep;16(9):1450-1458.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.02.020. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29474972; PMCID: PMC6098738.
Updated 2022 Oct 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534810/
Q.
What could cause stomach pain and a feeling of fullness without eating?
A.
Stomach pain and feeling full without eating can happen when the stomach or intestines are not moving food or gas normally, which is common in some digestive disorders.
References:
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056. Epub 2020 Apr 1. PMID: 32246999.
Mari A, Abu Backer F, Mahamid M, Amara H, Carter D, Boltin D, Dickman R. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Clinical Approach and Management. Adv Ther. 2019 May;36(5):1075-1084. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00924-7. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID: 30879252; PMCID: PMC6824367.
Iovino P, Bucci C, Tremolaterra F, Santonicola A, Chiarioni G. Bloating and functional gastro-intestinal disorders: where are we and where are we going? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Oct 21;20(39):14407-19. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14407. PMID: 25339827; PMCID: PMC4202369.
Q.
What dietary changes can help make stools easier to pass?
A.
Increasing fiber-rich foods and staying well-hydrated are key ways to help soften stools and make them easier to pass.
References:
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31945360; PMCID: PMC7573977.
Bae SH. Diets for constipation. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2014 Dec;17(4):203-8. doi: 10.5223/pghn.2014.17.4.203. Epub 2014 Dec 31. PMID: 25587519; PMCID: PMC4291444.
Rollet M, Bohn T, Vahid F, On Behalf Of The Oriscav Working Group. Association between Dietary Factors and Constipation in Adults Living in Luxembourg and Taking Part in the ORISCAV-LUX 2 Survey. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):122. doi: 10.3390/nu14010122. PMID: 35010999; PMCID: PMC8746799.
Q.
What factors contribute to incomplete bowel emptying?
A.
Incomplete bowel emptying can happen when the muscles used to push out stool do not work well, when the colon moves stools through too slowly, or when behaviors like poor toilet habits or low fiber intake make it harder to fully empty the bowels.
References:
Rao SS, Patcharatrakul T. Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyssynergic Defecation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2016 Jul 30;22(3):423-35. doi: 10.5056/jnm16060. PMID: 27270989; PMCID: PMC4930297.
Dzierżanowski T, Ciałkowska-Rysz A. Behavioral risk factors of constipation in palliative care patients. Support Care Cancer. 2015 Jun;23(6):1787-93. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2495-6. Epub 2014 Dec 4. PMID: 25471176; PMCID: PMC4555193.
Sarna SK. Colonic Motility: From Bench Side to Bedside. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences; 2010. Colonic Motility Dysfunction.
Q.
What is rectal fullness and what causes it?
A.
Rectal fullness is often described as a sensation of stool in the rectum even after you’ve gone to the bathroom. It can be caused by problems like constipation, muscle issues during bowel movements, rectal prolapse, or structural changes like a rectocele.
References:
Updated 2023 Feb 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537356/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537356/
Deb B, Sharma M, Fletcher JG, Srinivasan SG, Chronopoulou A, Chen J, Bailey KR, Feuerhak KJ, Bharucha AE. Inadequate Rectal Pressure and Insufficient Relaxation and Abdominopelvic Coordination in Defecatory Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2022 Apr;162(4):1111-1122.e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.257. Epub 2021 Dec 22. PMID: 34951994; PMCID: PMC8934280.
Cannon JA. Evaluation, Diagnosis, and Medical Management of Rectal Prolapse. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2017 Feb;30(1):16-21. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1593431. PMID: 28144208; PMCID: PMC5179269.
Q.
What lifestyle changes can help if my bowels don't empty completely?
A.
Eating more fiber, drinking enough water, and getting regular exercise can help your bowels empty more completely
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Irritable bowel syndrome: Learn More – Irritable bowel syndrome: What helps – and what doesn’t. [Updated 2023 Feb 27]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279415/
Costilla VC, Foxx-Orenstein AE. Constipation in adults: diagnosis and management. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2014 Sep;12(3):310-21. doi: 10.1007/s11938-014-0025-8. PMID: 25015533.
Schuster BG, Kosar L, Kamrul R. Constipation in older adults: stepwise approach to keep things moving. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Feb;61(2):152-8. PMID: 25676646; PMCID: PMC4325863.
Q.
What lifestyle changes can help prevent incomplete bowel movements?
A.
Eating more fiber, drinking ample water, and getting regular exercise can help your body have complete bowel movements.
References:
Bellini M, Tonarelli S, Barracca F, Rettura F, Pancetti A, Ceccarelli L, Ricchiuti A, Costa F, de Bortoli N, Marchi S, Rossi A. Chronic Constipation: Is a Nutritional Approach Reasonable? Nutrients. 2021 Sep 26;13(10):3386. doi: 10.3390/nu13103386. PMID: 34684388; PMCID: PMC8538724.
Jani B, Marsicano E. Constipation: Evaluation and Management. Mo Med. 2018 May-Jun;115(3):236-240. PMID: 30228729; PMCID: PMC6140151.
Sharma A, Rao SSC, Kearns K, Orleck KD, Waldman SA. Review article: diagnosis, management and patient perspectives of the spectrum of constipation disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jun;53(12):1250-1267. doi: 10.1111/apt.16369. Epub 2021 Apr 28. PMID: 33909919; PMCID: PMC8252518.
Q.
What lifestyle factors could lead to more frequent bowel movements?
A.
Eating a healthy diet, staying well hydrated, and getting regular exercise can make bowel movements more frequent and easier.
References:
Rollet M, Bohn T, Vahid F, On Behalf Of The Oriscav Working Group. Association between Dietary Factors and Constipation in Adults Living in Luxembourg and Taking Part in the ORISCAV-LUX 2 Survey. Nutrients. 2021 Dec 28;14(1):122. doi: 10.3390/nu14010122. PMID: 35010999; PMCID: PMC8746799.
Panigrahi MK, Kar SK, Singh SP, Ghoshal UC. Defecation frequency and stool form in a coastal eastern Indian population. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Jul;19(3):374-80. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.3.374. Epub 2013 Jul 8. PMID: 23875105; PMCID: PMC3714416.
Ma W, Li Y, Heianza Y, Staller KD, Chan AT, Rimm EB, Rexrode KM, Qi L. Associations of Bowel Movement Frequency with Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality among US Women. Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 6;6:33005. doi: 10.1038/srep33005. PMID: 27596972; PMCID: PMC5011651.
Q.
What medical advice is available for a bowel that does not empty completely?
A.
Treatment for a bowel that does not empty completely usually includes changes in diet and activity, medicines to help the bowels move, and sometimes special exercises that help with muscle control.
References:
Grossi U, De Simone V, Parello A, Litta F, Donisi L, Di Tanna GL, Goglia M, Ratto C. Gatekeeper Improves Voluntary Contractility in Patients With Fecal Incontinence. Surg Innov. 2019 Jun;26(3):321-327. doi: 10.1177/1553350618818924. Epub 2018 Dec 14. PMID: 30547721; PMCID: PMC6535806.
Portalatin M, Winstead N. Medical management of constipation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2012 Mar;25(1):12-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301754. PMID: 23449608; PMCID: PMC3348737.
Eswaran S. Nonmedical Therapies for Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2021 Mar;17(3):132-134. PMID: 34035773; PMCID: PMC8132714.
Q.
What medical conditions are associated with frequent bowel movements?
A.
Frequent bowel movements can be linked with conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease, and other health issues related to how the body handles food and stress. They may also signal overall changes in health that need attention.
References:
Peng X, Li J, Wu Y, Dai H, Lynn HS, Zhang X. Association of Stool Frequency and Consistency with the Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality among U.S. Adults: Results from NHANES 2005-2010. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;11(1):29. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11010029. PMID: 36611489; PMCID: PMC9818668.
Vermorken AJ, Andrès E, Cui Y. Bowel movement frequency, oxidative stress and disease prevention. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016 Oct;5(4):339-342. doi: 10.3892/mco.2016.987. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27703675; PMCID: PMC5038884.
Mayer EA. Clinical practice. Irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 17;358(16):1692-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp0801447. PMID: 18420501; PMCID: PMC3816529.
Q.
What might be the cause of a feeling of fullness in the rectal area?
A.
A feeling of fullness in the rectal area can happen if the rectum is larger than normal or if the nerve endings in the rectum do not sense fullness the way they usually do.
References:
Verkuijl SJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Normal Rectal Filling Sensations in Patients with an Enlarged Rectum. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 May;64(5):1312-1319. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5201-6. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30003387; PMCID: PMC6548060.
Mawer S, Alhawaj AF. Physiology, Defecation. [Updated 2023 Nov 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539732/
Burgell RE, Scott SM. Rectal hyposensitivity. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Oct;18(4):373-84. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2012.18.4.373. Epub 2012 Oct 9. PMID: 23105997; PMCID: PMC3479250.
Q.
What might be the reasons for experiencing frequent small bowel movements?
A.
Frequent small bowel movements can happen for various reasons, including dietary habits, infections, and certain health conditions.
References:
Rao CD, Maiya PP, Babu MA. Non-diarrhoeal increased frequency of bowel movements (IFoBM-ND): enterovirus association with the symptoms in children. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb 6;1(1):e000011. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2014-000011. PMID: 26462266; PMCID: PMC4533327.
Vermorken AJ, Andrès E, Cui Y. Bowel movement frequency, oxidative stress and disease prevention. Mol Clin Oncol. 2016 Oct;5(4):339-342. doi: 10.3892/mco.2016.987. Epub 2016 Aug 10. PMID: 27703675; PMCID: PMC5038884.
Jovani M, Ma W, Staller K, Joshi AD, Liu PH, Nguyen LH, Lochhead P, Cao Y, Tam I, Wu K, Giovannucci EL, Strate LL, Chan AT. Frequency of Bowel Movements and Risk of Diverticulitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Feb;20(2):325-333.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Jan 5. PMID: 33418133; PMCID: PMC8957846.
Q.
What might cause incomplete bowel movements without the presence of diarrhea?
A.
A feeling of incomplete bowel movements without diarrhea is usually linked to constipation. This can be seen in conditions like diabetes or issues with the muscles and nerves around the bowel.
References:
Ihana-Sugiyama N, Nagata N, Yamamoto-Honda R, Izawa E, Kajio H, Shimbo T, Kakei M, Uemura N, Akiyama J, Noda M. Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors. World J Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar 21;22(11):3252-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252. PMID: 27004003; PMCID: PMC4790001.
Heidelbaugh J, Martinez de Andino N, Pineles D, Poppers DM. Diagnosing Constipation Spectrum Disorders in a Primary Care Setting. J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 5;10(5):1092. doi: 10.3390/jcm10051092. PMID: 33807888; PMCID: PMC7961346.
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
Q.
What should I do if my bowels do not feel like they are emptying completely?
A.
Feeling that your bowels do not empty completely can sometimes be caused by constipation or changes in your bowel habits. Adjusting your routine and diet may help, but talking to a doctor is important if the problem continues.
References:
Updated 2022 Sep 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459128/
Sparberg M. Constipation. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 89.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK415/
Updated 2023 Nov 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539732/
Q.
What strategies can help reduce the frequency of bowel movements?
A.
To reduce the frequency of bowel movements, consider adjusting your diet, increasing physical activity, and managing stress levels.
References:
Portalatin M, Winstead N. Medical management of constipation. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2012 Mar;25(1):12-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1301754. PMID: 23449608; PMCID: PMC3348737.
Stachowska E, Maciejewska D, Palma J, Jamioł-Milc D, Szczuko M, Marlicz W, Wunsch E, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Improvement of bowel movements among people with a sedentary lifestyle after prebiotic snack supply - preliminary study. Prz Gastroenterol. 2022;17(1):73-80. doi: 10.5114/pg.2021.108985. Epub 2021 Nov 1. PMID: 35371359; PMCID: PMC8942012.
Rangan V, Mitsuhashi S, Singh P, Ballou S, Hirsch W, Sommers T, Nee J, Iturrino J, Lembo A. Risk Factors for Fecal Urgency Among Individuals With and Without Diarrhea, Based on Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Sep;16(9):1450-1458.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.02.020. Epub 2018 Feb 21. PMID: 29474972; PMCID: PMC6098738.
Q.
What techniques can help pass stools quickly and comfortably?
A.
You can try changing your diet, staying well-hydrated, moving your body, and using a good bathroom position to help stool pass quickly and comfortably. These steps work together to make bowel movements easier.
References:
Ho KS, Tan CY, Mohd Daud MA, Seow-Choen F. Stopping or reducing dietary fiber intake reduces constipation and its associated symptoms. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Sep 7;18(33):4593-6. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i33.4593. PMID: 22969234; PMCID: PMC3435786.
Lacy BE, Levenick JM, Crowell M. Chronic constipation: new diagnostic and treatment approaches. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2012 Jul;5(4):233-47. doi: 10.1177/1756283X12443093. PMID: 22778789; PMCID: PMC3388525.
Updated 2023 May 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559033/
Q.
What treatments are available for incomplete evacuation of stool?
A.
Treatments for incomplete stool evacuation often include dietary and lifestyle changes, pelvic floor exercises with biofeedback, and, when needed, medications to ease constipation.
References:
Sharma A, Rao S. Constipation: Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approaches. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2017;239:59-74. doi: 10.1007/164_2016_111. PMID: 28185025.
Podzemny V, Pescatori LC, Pescatori M. Management of obstructed defecation. World J Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan 28;21(4):1053-60. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i4.1053. PMID: 25632177; PMCID: PMC4306148.
Beck DE. Evaluation and management of constipation. Ochsner J. 2008 Spring;8(1):25-31. PMID: 21603553; PMCID: PMC3096424.
Q.
Why might I experience a feeling of fullness in the anus?
A.
A feeling of fullness in the anus may be caused by conditions such as enlarged hemorrhoids, changes from an enlarged rectum, or an anal fissure. Each of these can put pressure or cause irritation in the area, leading to that uncomfortable sensation.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Enlarged hemorrhoids. [Updated 2021 Dec 9]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279467/
Verkuijl SJ, Trzpis M, Broens PMA. Normal Rectal Filling Sensations in Patients with an Enlarged Rectum. Dig Dis Sci. 2019 May;64(5):1312-1319. doi: 10.1007/s10620-018-5201-6. Epub 2018 Jul 12. PMID: 30003387; PMCID: PMC6548060.
Updated 2022 Nov 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526063/
Q.
Why might I feel a sense of fullness in my stomach even when I haven't eaten?
A.
Feeling a full stomach even when you haven't eaten can happen when your belly fills with gas or fluids, or because your stomach and gut aren’t moving food and air as quickly as they should.
References:
Mari A, Abu Backer F, Mahamid M, Amara H, Carter D, Boltin D, Dickman R. Bloating and Abdominal Distension: Clinical Approach and Management. Adv Ther. 2019 May;36(5):1075-1084. doi: 10.1007/s12325-019-00924-7. Epub 2019 Mar 16. PMID: 30879252; PMCID: PMC6824367.
Lacy BE, Cangemi D, Vazquez-Roque M. Management of Chronic Abdominal Distension and Bloating. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Feb;19(2):219-231.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.03.056. Epub 2020 Apr 1. PMID: 32246999.
Seo AY, Kim N, Oh DH. Abdominal bloating: pathophysiology and treatment. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Oct;19(4):433-53. doi: 10.5056/jnm.2013.19.4.433. Epub 2013 Oct 7. PMID: 24199004; PMCID: PMC3816178.
Q.
Why might my stomach feel empty even after eating?
A.
Sometimes, your stomach might feel empty even after eating because of changes in how your stomach moves food or sends signals to your brain. Conditions like gastroparesis or functional dyspepsia can affect normal stomach function.
References:
Updated 2023 Sep 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531503/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531503/
Updated 2024 Feb 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/
Updated 2024 Jun 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554563/
Q.
Why might stools be hard to pass even if I'm not constipated?
A.
Sometimes stool can become hard even without constipation because factors like not getting enough water or fiber, medications, or how your body moves food through can change stool texture.
References:
Updated 2023 Nov 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513291/
Andrews CN, Storr M. The pathophysiology of chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2011 Oct;25 Suppl B(Suppl B):16B-21B. PMID: 22114753; PMCID: PMC3206564.
Bharucha AE, Lacy BE. Mechanisms, Evaluation, and Management of Chronic Constipation. Gastroenterology. 2020 Apr;158(5):1232-1249.e3. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.12.034. Epub 2020 Jan 13. PMID: 31945360; PMCID: PMC7573977.
Q.
Why might wiping after a bowel movement feel incomplete and what can be done about it?
A.
Feeling like you didn’t wipe completely can come from leftover stool or a change in how your rectum and anus feel. Changing your cleaning technique, diet, or even discussing it with a doctor may help.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563143/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563143/
Bharucha AE, Wald AM. Anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):786-94. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.70. PMID: 20372131; PMCID: PMC3923303.
Preziosi G, Gordon-Dixon A, Emmanuel A. Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, impact, and management strategies. Degener Neurol Neuromuscul Dis. 2018 Dec 6;8:79-90. doi: 10.2147/DNND.S138835. PMID: 30584387; PMCID: PMC6287516.
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Bharucha AE, Wald AM. Anorectal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Apr;105(4):786-94. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.70. PMID: 20372131; PMCID: PMC3923303.
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