What physiological processes cause period cramps?

Period cramps, also known as dysmenorrhea, occur because of the natural process where the uterus contracts to help shed its lining. These contractions are triggered by chemicals in the body called prostaglandins. When the level of prostaglandins is high, the uterus contracts more strongly, which can cut off blood supply to the tissue of the uterus, causing pain.

• Prostaglandins: These are hormone-like substances that play a key role in causing uterine muscle contractions.
• Uterine Contractions: The uterus tightens and relaxes to help expel its lining, which can sometimes be painful.
• Blood Flow: Strong contractions may reduce blood flow to the uterus, increasing pain.

Understanding these processes helps explain why period cramps occur and why they can vary in intensity. Managing these cramps often involves addressing the levels of prostaglandins and improving blood flow to the uterus.