What Should I Do If a Colon Polyp Is Found to Be Cancerous?

Understanding Colon Polyps and Cancer

Colon polyps are growths on the lining of the colon that can vary in size and type. While many polyps are benign (non-cancerous), some can develop into colorectal cancer over time. If a polyp is found to be cancerous, it is crucial to determine the extent of the cancer and the appropriate next steps.

Further Evaluation

After a cancerous polyp is identified, further evaluation is necessary to assess the stage of the cancer. This may include:

• Imaging Studies: Tests such as CT scans or MRIs may be performed to check for any spread of cancer beyond the polyp.
• Biopsy: If not already done, a biopsy may be taken to determine the specific type of cancer and its characteristics.

Treatment Options

The treatment plan for a cancerous colon polyp will depend on several factors, including the size and type of the polyp, whether the cancer has spread, and the patient's overall health. Common treatment options include:

• Endoscopic Resection: If the cancer is detected early and is confined to the polyp, it may be possible to remove the polyp completely during a colonoscopy. This is often sufficient for small, localized cancers.
• Surgery: For larger or more invasive cancers, surgical removal of a portion of the colon (colectomy) may be necessary. This procedure involves removing the cancerous polyp along with a margin of healthy tissue and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
• Adjuvant Therapy: Depending on the stage of the cancer, additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence.

Follow-Up and Surveillance

After treatment, regular follow-up is essential to monitor for any signs of recurrence. This may involve:

• Regular Colonoscopies: Follow-up colonoscopies will be scheduled to check for new polyps or signs of cancer.
• Monitoring Symptoms: Patients should be aware of any new symptoms, such as changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, and report these to their healthcare provider.