Published on: 7/9/2025
What are the main causes of seizures?
Seizures can be caused by various factors including epilepsy, head injuries, infections, high fever, low blood sugar, stroke, or certain medications and substances.
Explanation
Seizures occur when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain. The underlying causes vary widely and may include:
Epilepsy: A chronic condition that causes recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Head injuries: Trauma to the brain from accidents or falls can trigger seizures. Fever (febrile seizures): Common in young children, especially during a rapid spike in body temperature. Infections: Conditions like meningitis or encephalitis can irritate the brain and lead to seizures. Stroke: Disruption of blood flow to the brain may cause seizures, particularly in older adults. Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia): Especially in people with diabetes, can cause brain dysfunction and seizures. Alcohol or drug use/withdrawal: Certain substances or withdrawal from them can provoke seizures. Brain tumors or lesions: Abnormal growths may affect the brain’s electrical activity. Genetic conditions: Some inherited disorders can increase seizure risk.
Identifying the cause is important for determining the right treatment and preventing future seizures.
(References)
- Delanty N, Vaughan CJ, & French JA. (1998). Medical causes of seizures. Lancet (London, England), 9717943.
- O'Brien D. (1998). Toxic and metabolic causes of seizures. Clinical techniques in small animal practice, 9775506.
- Ettinger AB. (1994). Structural causes of epilepsy. Tumors, cysts, stroke, and .... Neurologic clinics, 8183212.
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