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Gastric discomfort
Heartburn
Pain in the middle of the upper stomach
Stomachache
Abdominal discomfort
Have nausea
Pressure in the stomach
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Gastritis?
A condition where the stomach's surface lining is inflamed. Weaknesses or injury to the mucus-lined barrier that usually protect the stomach wall allow digestive juices to damage and inflame the stomach lining. A number of diseases and conditions can increase the risk of gastritis, including a bacteria infection called H. pylori. Some symptoms are belly ache, belly pain, nausea and vomiting.
Typical Symptoms of Gastritis
- Stomach or abdominal pain in a specific area
- Abdominal bloating after meals
- Stressed over daily life
- Pain in the upper abdomen
- Constipation with urge to go but unable to pass stool
- Frequent stomach or abdominal pain with unknown causes
- Nausea or vomiting after eating
- Heartburn with discomfort in the upper stomach area
Diagnostic Questions for Gastritis
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Do you have stomach or abdominal pain in a specific area?
- Do you have abdominal bloating after meals?
- Do you feel stressed or unhappy about going to work or school?
- Do you feel pain in your upper abdomen?
- Do you have constipation where you feel the urge to go but can't pass stool?
Treatment of Gastritis
Treatment depends on the cause. You may be prescribed antibiotics to kill H. pylori bacteria or drugs to block or reduce gastric acid levels. Some patients may find relief through lifestyle changes like avoiding alcohol and spicy food, and stopping medicines that affect the stomach lining.
Reviewed By:
Samantha Nazareth, MD (Gastroenterology)
Board-certified gastroenterologist. Experience managing gastrointestinal conditions (GERD, IBS, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, celiac disease, NASH) within healthcare organizations (three ambulatory surgical centers, single-specialty practice, multi-specialty practice and solo practice).
Aiko Yoshioka, MD (Gastroenterology)
Dr. Yoshioka graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine. He worked as a gastroenterologist at Saiseikai Niigata Hospital and Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital before serving as the Deputy Chief of Gastroenterology at Tsubame Rosai Hospital and Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. Dr. Yoshioka joined Saitama Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital as Chief of Gastroenterology in April 2018.
Content updated on Mar 31, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Diseases Related to Gastritis
FAQs
Q.
Gastritis Symptoms? Why Your Stomach Is Inflamed: Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Gastritis symptoms often include burning or gnawing upper stomach pain that may change with eating, along with nausea, bloating, early fullness, burping, and appetite loss; seek urgent care for vomiting blood, black stools, severe pain, or dizziness. Common causes include H. pylori, frequent NSAIDs, alcohol, severe stress, and autoimmune disease, and next steps involve reviewing medications, gentle diet adjustments, and medical evaluation for tests and acid-reducing or protective treatments. There are several important details that can influence your choices; see the complete guidance below before deciding your next steps.
References:
* Genta RM, Robboy SJ. Gastritis and Gastropathy: A Practical Approach. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2020 Jun;49(2):297-319. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2020.02.001. Epub 2020 Apr 16. PMID: 32360216.
* Shaffer J, Genta RM, Geller SA, Shah N, Chey WD, Gribovskaya N, Falk GW, Fass R, Lacy BE, Sharma VK, Kahan B, Schoenfeld PS, Spechler SJ. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Diagnosis and Management of Gastritis: A Narrative Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Dec;18(13):2841-2851.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.027. Epub 2020 Jun 25. PMID: 32593674.
* Dixon MF, Genta RM, Yardley JH, Correa P. Update on the Classification and Diagnosis of Gastritis. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Jan;63(1):15-32. doi: 10.1007/s10620-017-4822-8. Epub 2017 Nov 3. PMID: 29098516.
* Malfertheiner P, Venerito M, Schulz C. Current concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut. 2022 Jul;71(7):1233-1241. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326613. Epub 2022 Mar 1. PMID: 35232814.
* Wang T, Chen H, Yu H, Luo H, He G, Chen Z. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathology of chronic gastritis. J Clin Pathol. 2020 Mar;73(3):121-127. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206263. Epub 2019 Dec 2. PMID: 31792131.
Q.
Chronic Indigestion? Why Your Stomach is Burning: Medical Next Steps
A.
Persistent stomach burning with chronic indigestion is most often due to gastritis, acid reflux or peptic ulcers, sometimes from H. pylori or NSAID use; typical next steps include reviewing medications, testing and treating H. pylori, trying acid-reducing therapy, and considering endoscopy if symptoms persist or red flags appear. There are several factors to consider, including functional dyspepsia and urgent warning signs like vomiting blood, black stools, severe pain, trouble swallowing or weight loss; see below for when to seek care, how long to wait, and the specific lifestyle changes that can help right now.
References:
* Sperber AD, Shmueli A. Functional dyspepsia: a review of the pathophysiology and current management. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 21;23(27):4844-4861. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4844. PMID: 28761298; PMCID: PMC5530754.
* Katz PO, Gerson LB, Vela MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013 May;108(5):841-57; quiz 858. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2013.194. Epub 2013 Apr 23. PMID: 23629695; PMCID: PMC3735017.
* Ford AC, et al. Diagnosis and management of uninvestigated dyspepsia: British Society of Gastroenterology and Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons guidelines. Gut. 2017 Oct;66(10):1725-1738. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314081. Epub 2017 Aug 16. PMID: 28814421.
* Katz PO, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Heartburn Not Responding to Proton Pump Inhibitors. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jul 1;117(7):955-971. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001831. Epub 2022 Jun 29. PMID: 35767591.
* Parkman HP, et al. Gastroparesis: diagnosis and management. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Aug;18(8):570-588. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00441-2. Epub 2021 May 14. PMID: 33990868.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Body is Reacting & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
There are several factors to consider: nausea after eating is most often caused by treatable issues like gastritis, acid reflux, food intolerance, gallbladder disease, delayed stomach emptying, or stress, but frequent, severe, or red flag symptoms need prompt medical care. Medically approved next steps include smaller frequent meals, avoiding triggers and alcohol, hydration, reviewing medicines, possible H. pylori testing and short-term acid reduction, and symptom tracking; see below for the specific warning signs, diagnostic tests, and condition-by-condition guidance that could change your next steps.
References:
* Ford AC, Lacy BE, Talley NJ. Functional Dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2020 Jan;158(1):151-167.e3.
* Camilleri M, Bharucha AE, Uribarri-Sierra S, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline: Management of Gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Dec 1;117(12):1913-1934.
* Quigley EM, Hasler WL, Parkman HP. AGA Clinical Practice Update on the Management of Nausea and Vomiting. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Aug;18(9):1927-1937.e3.
* Stanghellini V, Chan FKL, Hasler WL, et al. Gastroduodenal Disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016 Jun;150(6):1380-92.
* Venter C, Perkin MR, Skypala I, et al. Food hypersensitivity. BMJ. 2018 Sep 20;362:k4064.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Body Reacts & Medical Next Steps
A.
Nausea after eating most often comes from treatable issues such as gastritis, acid reflux, food intolerance or sensitivity, stress or anxiety, and infections; it can also point to gallbladder disease, stomach ulcers, or delayed stomach emptying. There are several factors to consider, including what and how much you eat, timing, and associated symptoms; see the complete guidance below to understand more and choose the right next steps. Seek urgent care for severe abdominal or chest pain, vomiting blood, black stools, dehydration, persistent vomiting, or unintentional weight loss; doctors may review medications and order tests for H. pylori, bloodwork, ultrasound, or endoscopy, while self-care includes smaller meals, avoiding triggers, staying upright after eating, hydrating, managing stress, and discussing medicines with your clinician.
References:
* Tack J, Vandenberghe A, Coffin B, et al. Functional Dyspepsia: A Review of Pathophysiology and Treatment. JAMA. 2020 Feb 25;323(8):762-774. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.0076. PMID: 32096738.
* Camilleri M, Chedid V, Ford AC, et al. Gastroparesis: diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Jul;18(7):477-491. doi: 10.1038/s41575-021-00424-9. Epub 2021 Apr 8. PMID: 33824497.
* Farmer AD, Shajib MS, Aziz Q. Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Nausea and Vomiting. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020 Oct;95(10):2183-2197. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.03.016. Epub 2020 Sep 17. PMID: 33004128.
* Skodje GI, Sager C, Skodje G, et al. Food Intolerances and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2020 Oct 15;22(11):53. doi: 10.1007/s11894-020-00790-2. PMID: 33058140.
* Chang L. Visceral Hypersensitivity in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Ther Adv Gastroenterol. 2022 Mar 22;15:17562848221087192. doi: 10.1177/17562848221087192. PMID: 35345717.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Gut is Reacting & Medical Next Steps
A.
Nausea after eating most often comes from treatable problems like gastritis, acid reflux, food intolerance or poisoning, gallbladder disease, ulcers, delayed stomach emptying, or stress, and small diet and behavior changes can help while you arrange care. There are several factors to consider. See below to understand urgent red flags like severe pain, vomiting blood, black stools, persistent vomiting, chest pain, dehydration, or unexplained weight loss, plus which tests and next steps fit your situation.
References:
* Camilleri M, Bharucha AE, Farrugia G, et al. Gastroparesis: Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management. Drugs. 2022 Mar;82(4):461-477. doi: 10.1007/s40265-022-01662-8. PMID: 35226252.
* Talley NJ, Walker MM, Holtmann G. Functional Dyspepsia: Updates in Pathophysiology and Management. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2021 Mar 1;55(3):189-199. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001476. PMID: 33507204.
* Aziz Q, Van Oudenhove L, Voiosu A, et al. Visceral hypersensitivity: A target for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022 Oct;34(10):e14457. doi: 10.1111/nmo.14457. PMID: 36166549.
* Andrews PLR, Sanger GJ. The Brain-Gut Axis and Nausea. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2018 Sep;47(3):575-594. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2018.04.004. PMID: 30115347.
* Maudsley S, Smith A, Vachon C, et al. Chronic Nausea: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology and Treatment. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2021 Nov;62(5):1010-1025. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.06.014. PMID: 34246724.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Stomach Is Reacting & Medical Next Steps
A.
Nausea after eating often stems from common issues like overeating, acid reflux, gastritis, food intolerances, gallbladder problems, infection, or stress, and patterns with specific foods or fatty meals can be important clues. Start with smaller meals, avoid triggers, stay upright, hydrate, and manage stress, but contact a clinician if symptoms persist or if you have severe pain, chest pain, vomiting blood, black stools, high fever, dehydration, or weight loss. There are several factors to consider and important details that can change your next steps; see below for a complete guide to causes, warning signs, testing, and treatment options.
References:
* Camilleri M, et al. Approach to the Patient with Nausea and Vomiting. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(5):1251-1262.
* Talley NJ, et al. Dyspepsia: The Most Common Gastrointestinal Diagnosis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019;114(7):1063-1070.
* Almutairi Z, et al. Gastroparesis: A Review of Current Treatment Options. Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 2022;20(2):98-111.
* Talley NJ, et al. Current and Future Treatment Options for Functional Dyspepsia. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019;13(3):215-225.
* Sami SS, et al. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Nausea. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2020;54(5):387-393.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Stomach is Reacting & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Nausea after eating is often due to manageable issues like overeating, acid reflux, gastritis, food intolerance or poisoning, gallbladder disease, delayed stomach emptying, or stress, and many people improve with smaller meals, identifying and limiting triggers, staying hydrated, and reviewing medications. Watch for red flags like severe abdominal pain, chest pain, vomiting blood, black stools, high fever, dehydration, or unexplained weight loss and seek urgent care if these occur, and see a doctor if symptoms last beyond 1 to 2 weeks for testing and targeted treatment. There are several factors to consider that could change your next steps, so see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Chung, A. K., & Kuo, B. (2019). Postprandial distress syndrome: current concepts of pathophysiology and management. *Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology*, *4*.
* Kashyap, P. C., & Farmer, A. D. (2022). Gastroparesis: A Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. *Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology*, *56*(7), 543-552.
* Wong, S. H., & Kuo, B. (2018). Functional dyspepsia: advances in diagnosis and therapy. *F1000Research*, *7*.
* Talley, N. J., & Ford, A. C. (2020). Functional dyspepsia. *The New England Journal of Medicine*, *383*(15), 1488-1497.
* Pasricha, P. J., & Kuo, B. (2021). Treatment Options for Chronic Nausea and Vomiting. *Gastroenterology & Hepatology*, *17*(6), 260-270.
Q.
Stomach on Fire? Why Gastritis is Gnawing at You & Medically-Approved Next Steps
A.
Burning or gnawing pain high in your abdomen is often gastritis, usually triggered by H. pylori, NSAIDs, alcohol, or illness, and it is typically treatable with targeted steps like testing for H. pylori, removing irritants, and short-term acid reducers. There are several factors to consider, including red flag symptoms that need urgent care and cause-specific treatments that can change your next steps; see below for complete guidance on tests, when antibiotics plus PPIs are needed, safer pain reliever options, B12 and autoimmune issues, and practical diet and stress tips.
References:
* Wickramasinghe, N., & Indika Karunathilake, L. (2022). Gastritis: a review of the current evidence for diagnosis and treatment. *World Journal of Gastroenterology*, *28*(12), 1201–1215.
* Malfertheiner, P., Megraud, F., O'Morain, C. A., Atherton, J., Axon, A. T. R., Bazzoli, F., ... & Seppälä, N. (2024). Management of Helicobacter pylori infection: The Maastricht VI/Florence Consensus Report. *Gut*.
* Venerito, M., Klessen, C. D., & Malfertheiner, P. (2020). Autoimmune Gastritis: Pathophysiology and Clinical Relevance of Serological Markers. *International Journal of Molecular Sciences*, *21*(8), 2825.
* Gao, X. J., & Luo, H. S. (2020). Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Gastritis: An Evidence-Based Approach. *Chinese Medical Journal (English)*, *133*(20), 2418–2426.
* Nishimura, Y., Satoh, T., Ishikawa, T., & Takechi, M. (2021). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastritis: An update on diagnosis and management. *World Journal of Gastroenterology*, *27*(28), 4530–4545.
Q.
Gastritis Relief for Women 30-45: Symptoms & Your Action Plan
A.
Gastritis relief for women 30 to 45 starts with recognizing burning upper abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, and early fullness, often tied to H. pylori, frequent NSAIDs, alcohol, stress, and hormonal or pregnancy-related changes. There are several factors to consider, so see below to understand more. Your action plan includes tracking triggers, shifting to a gentle diet, minimizing NSAIDs with your doctor’s guidance, managing stress, and getting medical evaluation for persistent symptoms, including testing for H. pylori and use of acid reducers when appropriate, plus knowing the red flags that need urgent care; key details that could change your next steps are outlined below.
References:
* Kumar V, Sharma PK. Gastritis. StatPearls. 2023 Jan-. PMID: 32491563.
* Koshkalda LA, Denisenko TV. Gastritis: Diagnosis and Treatment. Wiad Lek (Warsz). 2021;74(11pt1):2908-2911. PMID: 34967746.
* Gatta L, El-Omar EM, Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori infection: Clinical aspects and management. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2021 Dec;50-51:101738. PMID: 34482937.
* Di Sabatino A, Giustina CN, Corazza GR. Autoimmune gastritis: From pathogenesis to clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev. 2021 Feb;20(2):102731. PMID: 33497914.
* Medina-Flores LE, Gonzalez-Gonzalez JA, Reyes-Diaz JLG, Hernández-Luna J, Castañeda-Salazar JA, Pérez-Padilla JA, Estrada-Hernandez LJ, Hernández-Cortazar F, Del Toro-Ruiz J, Maldonado-Garza H. Helicobacter pylori infection: a concise update of the most relevant news. World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Dec 7;28(45):6399-6415. PMID: 36582498.
Q.
What illnesses could cause pain above the belly button when pressed?
A.
Pain above the belly button when pressed can be caused by various illnesses and conditions. Understanding these potential causes is important for proper diagnosis and treatment.
References:
Munisamy R, Uppalu H, Raghavendra R, Venkata NP, Harshita S, Janarthanam SV. Type-I complex regional pain syndrome of umbilical port site: An unforeseen complication of laparoscopic surgery. J Minim Access Surg. 2012 Apr;8(2):50-3. doi: 10.4103/0972-9941.95535. PMID: 22623826; PMCID: PMC3353613.
Patterson JW, Kashyap S, Dominique E. Acute Abdomen. [Updated 2023 Jul 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/
Applegate WV. Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES): A Commonly Overlooked Cause of Abdominal Pain. Perm J. 2002 Summer;6(3):20–7. PMCID: PMC6220638.
Q.
What illnesses could cause upper stomach pain and nausea?
A.
Upper stomach pain accompanied by nausea can be caused by a variety of illnesses, including gastrointestinal disorders, infections, and other medical conditions. Common causes include gastritis, peptic ulcers, gallbladder disease, and pancreatitis. Understanding these potential causes is important for seeking appropriate medical evaluation and treatment.
References:
Murali N, El Hayek SM. Abdominal Pain Mimics. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2021 Nov;39(4):839-850. doi: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.07.003. Epub 2021 Sep 10. PMID: 34600641; PMCID: PMC8430370.
Sherman R. Abdominal Pain. In: Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston: Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 86.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK412/
Govender I, Rangiah S, Bongongo T, Mahuma P. A Primary Care Approach to Abdominal Pain in Adults. S Afr Fam Pract (2004). 2021 Mar 10;63(1):e1-e5. doi: 10.4102/safp.v63i1.5280. PMID: 33764143; PMCID: PMC8378095.
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https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/00365521.2015.1019918Mihály E, Micsik T, Juhász M, Herszényi L, Tulassay Z. Gastritisek és gastropathiák [Gastritis and gastropathy]. Orv Hetil. 2014 Jan 12;155(2):43-61. Hungarian. doi: 10.1556/OH.2014.29807. PMID: 24389321.
https://akjournals.com/view/journals/650/155/2/article-p43.xmlAnnibale B, Esposito G, Lahner E. A current clinical overview of atrophic gastritis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Feb;14(2):93-102. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1718491. Epub 2020 Jan 24. PMID: 31951768.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17474124.2020.1718491Taylor KB. Gastritis. N Engl J Med. 1969 Apr 10;280(15):818-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196904102801507. PMID: 4887251.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM196904102801507