Functional Dyspepsia Quiz
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Gastric discomfort
Heartburn
Pain in the middle of the upper stomach
Gas
Abdominal discomfort
There is a feeling that the stomach is burning
Feeling stressed
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Functional Dyspepsia?
A condition where symptoms like pain, bloating or indigestion persist without any obvious cause identified.
Typical Symptoms of Functional Dyspepsia
- Abdominal bloating after meals
- Heartburn with discomfort in the upper stomach area
- Pain in the upper abdomen
- Frequent stomach or abdominal pain with unknown causes
- Heartburn with burning sensation in upper abdomen or hunger-like pain
- Feeling full quickly when eating
- Stomach or abdominal pain that worsens after meals
- Stomach or abdominal pain in a specific area
Diagnostic Questions for Functional Dyspepsia
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Do you have abdominal bloating after meals?
- Do you have heartburn with discomfort in your upper stomach area?
- Do you feel pain in your upper abdomen?
- Do you have frequent stomach or abdominal pain with unknown causes?
- Do you have heartburn with a burning sensation in your upper abdomen or hunger-like pain?
Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia
The doctor may prescribe gas remedies, medications to reduce or block acid production, antibiotics, medications to help your stomach empty faster, anti-nausea pills, or low-dose antidepressants. Diet and lifestyle changes or behavioral therapy may also be recommended.
Reviewed By:
Samantha Nazareth, MD (Gastroenterology)
Board-certified gastroenterologist. Experience managing gastrointestinal conditions (GERD, IBS, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, celiac disease, NASH) within healthcare organizations (three ambulatory surgical centers, single-specialty practice, multi-specialty practice and solo practice).
Aiko Yoshioka, MD (Gastroenterology)
Dr. Yoshioka graduated from the Niigata University School of Medicine. He worked as a gastroenterologist at Saiseikai Niigata Hospital and Niigata University Medical & Dental Hospital before serving as the Deputy Chief of Gastroenterology at Tsubame Rosai Hospital and Nagaoka Red Cross Hospital. Dr. Yoshioka joined Saitama Saiseikai Kawaguchi General Hospital as Chief of Gastroenterology in April 2018.
Content updated on Dec 5, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Symptoms Related to Functional Dyspepsia
Diseases Related to Functional Dyspepsia
FAQs
Q.
Gut Spasms? How Hyoscyamine Stops Pain & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Hyoscyamine can quickly calm gut spasms by blocking acetylcholine, relaxing intestinal muscles and easing cramping, urgency, and pain, often within 20 to 30 minutes; there are several factors to consider. See below for who should and should not use it, possible side effects and red flags that require urgent care, plus medically approved next steps like confirming the diagnosis, using it as directed, addressing triggers with diet and stress management, and when to follow up for further testing.
References:
* Alaboud, M. I., Alotaibi, B. A., & Alqahtani, A. S. (2023). Hyoscyamine sulfate in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea: a systematic review. *Frontiers in Pharmacology*, *14*, 1111003. [PMID: 36798030].
* Tack, J., & Camilleri, M. (2020). Anticholinergic drugs in the management of functional gastrointestinal disorders. *Annals of Translational Medicine*, *8*(12), 798. [PMID: 32676579].
* Shah, A. J., & Talley, N. J. (2019). Mechanism of action of hyoscyamine in irritable bowel syndrome. *Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology*, *12*, 407–411. [PMID: 31695420].
* Chang, L. (2019). Pharmacological Management of Abdominal Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome. *Drugs*, *79*(17), 1845–1855. [PMID: 31650393].
* Ford, A. C., Talley, N. J., & Quigley, E. M. M. (2015). Antispasmodics for irritable bowel syndrome. *Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews*, (10), CD008581. [PMID: 26456111].
Q.
Constant Nausea? Semaglutide Side Effects & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Constant nausea on semaglutide is common early because it slows stomach emptying, and it often improves with smaller, slower meals, lower fat foods, steady hydration, and a clinician guided slower dose increase or short-term anti-nausea medicine. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more and choose the safest next steps. Seek urgent care for severe or persistent vomiting, dehydration, severe abdominal pain, fever, chest pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes, or inability to keep fluids down, and discuss ongoing symptoms with your clinician to reassess dose or look for other causes.
References:
* Mahapatra S, Madabushi A, Boinpally R, Zhang L, Xu Y, Zhang X, Li M, Kim MJ, Li C, Wang C, Zineh I, Florian J. Semaglutide-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Characterization and Mitigation Strategies from Regulatory Submissions. Clin Transl Sci. 2024 Jan;17(1):e13727. doi: 10.1111/cts.13727. Epub 2023 Oct 30. PMID: 37901766; PMCID: PMC10803525.
* Wilding JP, Hocking S, Wilding MJ. Semaglutide for weight loss: a review of the current evidence. Postgrad Med J. 2023 Feb;99(1168):120-125. doi: 10.1136/pmj-2022-142341. Epub 2022 Aug 30. PMID: 36041935.
* Meier JJ, Færch K, Jeppesen OK, Borregaard J, Wilding JPH. Semaglutide in type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review of clinical efficacy, safety and patient considerations. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Aug 24;13:20420188221119565. doi: 10.1177/20420188221119565. PMID: 36046467; PMCID: PMC9410115.
* Singh G, Krauthamer M, Hwang C. GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Weight Loss: A Systematic Review. J Prim Care Community Health. 2022 Jan-Dec;13:21501327221118451. doi: 10.1177/21501327221118451. PMID: 35919934; PMCID: PMC9340571.
* American Diabetes Association. 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S140-S157. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S009. PMID: 36507465.
Q.
Nausea After Eating? Why Your Gut Reacts & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Nausea after eating is common and usually treatable, most often linked to indigestion, reflux, overeating, food intolerances, infections, gallbladder problems, delayed stomach emptying, or stress. There are several factors to consider; see below to understand more, including when red flags like severe pain, weight loss, black or bloody stools, or persistent vomiting mean you should seek urgent care. Medically approved next steps include adjusting meal size and pace, avoiding triggers, keeping a food and symptom log, cautious use of OTC options with clinician guidance, and timely medical evaluation if symptoms persist; important nuances that could change your next steps are detailed below.
References:
* Shah, A. J., & Lacy, B. E. (2021). Postprandial Distress Syndrome: Current Concepts and Treatment. *Gastroenterology*, *160*(7), 2133–2142.
* Talley, N. J., & Ford, A. C. (2018). Functional Dyspepsia: Current Treatment and Challenges. *Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology*, *52*(3), 198–206.
* Camilleri, M., & Chedid, V. (2019). Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of gastroparesis. *World Journal of Gastroenterology*, *25*(29), 3823–3841.
* Drossman, D. A., & Chang, L. (2020). The Gut-Brain Axis: A Target for the Treatment of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders. *Clinical Therapeutics*, *42*(3), 441–454.
* Singh, P., Tadi, P., & Singh, R. K. (2021). Pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of nausea and vomiting: a narrative review. *Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology*, *36*(7), 1774–1787.
Q.
Dyspepsia? Why Your Stomach Is Burning & Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
A burning or aching upper stomach is often dyspepsia from functional dyspepsia, excess acid, gastritis, ulcers, or reflux, and there are several factors to consider; see below to understand more, including red flags like unintentional weight loss, black or tarry stools, vomiting blood, severe or worsening pain, trouble swallowing, or new symptoms after age 60 that need urgent care. Medically approved next steps include smaller frequent meals, avoiding triggers, limiting alcohol and caffeine, not lying down after eating, a short trial of OTC antacids or acid reducers, and testing for and treating H. pylori, with a clinician visit if symptoms persist 2 to 4 weeks or affect daily life; see the complete guidance below for details and when endoscopy is recommended.
References:
* Ford AC, et al. Management of functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Jun;17(6):365-376. 32184589
* Moayyedi PM, et al. American College of Gastroenterology-Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):991-1017. 28675138
* Mahadeva S, et al. Functional Dyspepsia: A Review of Diagnosis and Management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Apr;18(4):798-809. 31593922
* Tack J, et al. Functional dyspepsia. Lancet. 2018 Mar 10;391(10123):1109-1119. 29528906
* Camilleri M, et al. Functional Dyspepsia: Current Insights on Pathophysiology and Management. Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2018 Jun 21;9(6):e162. 29925828
Q.
Why do I feel nauseous after I eat?
A.
Feeling nauseous after eating can be caused by various factors, including digestive disorders, food intolerances, and psychological issues. Identifying the underlying cause is important for effective management and relief.
References:
Scorza K, Williams A, Phillips JD, Shaw J. Evaluation of nausea and vomiting. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Jul 1;76(1):76-84. PMID: 17668843.
Harmon RC, Peura DA. Evaluation and management of dyspepsia. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2010 Mar;3(2):87-98. doi: 10.1177/1756283X09356590. PMID: 21180593; PMCID: PMC3002574.
Harer KN, Hasler WL. Functional Dyspepsia: A Review of the Symptoms, Evaluation, and Treatment Options. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2020 Feb;16(2):66-74. PMID: 34035704; PMCID: PMC8132673.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Ford AC, Mahadeva S, Carbone MF, Lacy BE, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia. Lancet. 2020 Nov 21;396(10263):1689-1702. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30469-4. Epub 2020 Oct 10. PMID: 33049222.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30469-4/fulltextEnck P, Azpiroz F, Boeckxstaens G, Elsenbruch S, Feinle-Bisset C, Holtmann G, Lackner JM, Ronkainen J, Schemann M, Stengel A, Tack J, Zipfel S, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017 Nov 3;3:17081. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2017.81. PMID: 29099093.
https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201781Talley NJ, Ford AC. Functional Dyspepsia. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 5;373(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1501505. PMID: 26535514.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1501505Sayuk GS, Gyawali CP. Functional Dyspepsia: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Drugs. 2020 Sep;80(13):1319-1336. doi: 10.1007/s40265-020-01362-4. PMID: 32691294.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40265-020-01362-4Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/functional-dyspepsia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375715