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Hoarse voice
I have a lump in my neck
Thyroid swelling
Sore throat
There is a lump
Loss of voice
Neck lumps
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
A tumor in the thyroid gland. Most are non-cancerous, but some may be malignant. The primary symptom is a lump in the front of the neck along the thyroid gland. Workup includes ultrasound, biopsy, blood tests, and sometimes other scans.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
After a biopsy shows a thyroid tumor is cancerous, the patient is referred to see a thyroid surgeon. Surgery to remove part of all of the thyroid as well as the cancer is often recommended. After surgery more tests are done and depending on findings, additional therapy with radioactive iodine or radiation is sometimes suggested.
Reviewed By:
Robin Schoenthaler, MD (Oncology)
Board certified radiation oncologist with over 30 years experience treating cancer patients. Senior physician advisor for expert medical options in adult oncology. Published award-winning essayist on medical and health issues and more.
Hidetaka Hamasaki, MD (Endocrinology)
Dr. Hamasaki graduated from the Hiroshima University School of Medicine and the Graduate School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University. He completed his residency at the Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital and the Department of Internal Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine. He has served in the National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital and Kohnodai Hospital and joined Hamasaki Clinic in April 2017. Dr. Hamasaki specializes in diabetes and treats a wide range of internal medicine and endocrine disorders.
Content updated on Mar 31, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
Is it Thyroid Cancer? Why your symptoms occur and medical next steps
A.
There are several factors to consider. Most thyroid neck lumps are not cancer, and symptoms like a new neck lump, hoarseness, trouble swallowing, or swollen lymph nodes usually come from benign nodules or from a growth pressing on nearby nerves or the airway. The right next steps are a clinician exam and thyroid ultrasound, with fine needle aspiration biopsy if features are suspicious; blood tests alone cannot diagnose this, urgent signs like rapidly enlarging swelling or breathing difficulty need immediate care, and early thyroid cancers are often highly treatable, so see the complete guidance below to understand what could change your plan.
References:
* Haugen BR, Alexander ER, Bible KC, Doherty GH, Mandel ST, Nikiforov YE, Pacini CA, Randolph GW, Sawka SM, Schlumberger M, Sherman IS, Sosa AJ, Steward D, Tuttle RM, Wartofsky L. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133. doi: 10.1089/thy.2015.0020. PMID: 26462967.
* Cabanillas ME, McFadden DG, Sherman SI. Thyroid cancer: an update on epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2023 Mar;20(3):179-194. doi: 10.1038/s41571-022-00725-z. Epub 2023 Feb 9. PMID: 36768164.
* Cooper DS. Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):834-843. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2032514. PMID: 33800635.
* Vovk V, Gietka-Czernel M, Czarniecka A, Rusetska V. Clinical presentation of thyroid cancer: current evidence and future perspectives. Endokrynol Pol. 2022;73(2):332-339. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2022.0039. Epub 2022 May 11. PMID: 35543160.
* Lim H, Lee JS, Kim H, Shin JH, Kim S, Park K. Thyroid Nodules: Current Concepts and Controversies. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021 Jun;36(3):477-488. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2021.102. Epub 2021 Jun 28. PMID: 34107775.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1MacDonald L, Jenkins J, Purvis G, Lee J, Franco AT. The Thyroid Tumor Microenvironment: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention and Prognostication. Horm Cancer. 2020 Oct;11(5-6):205-217. doi: 10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6. Epub 2020 Jun 17. PMID: 32548798; PMCID: PMC7484089.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12672-020-00390-6National Cancer Institute. Thyroid Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version. National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdq
https://www.cancer.gov/types/thyroid/patient/thyroid-treatment-pdqThyroid Cancer. MedlinePlus. Retrieved December 5, 2023, from https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html
https://medlineplus.gov/thyroidcancer.html