What Are the Potential Causes of Incomplete Evacuation of the Bowels?

Incomplete evacuation of the bowels has several potential causes. One common reason is a problem with the muscles around the rectum and anus, known as pelvic floor dysfunction or dyssynergic defecation. In this situation, the muscles do not relax properly when trying to push out stool, so it doesn’t move completely. When the speed of the stool moving through the colon (slow transit constipation) is reduced, the stool may become hard and difficult to pass, making you feel like not all has been evacuated. Structural changes, such as a rectocele (when the wall between the rectum and the vagina becomes weak) or other anatomical problems, can block the passage of stool. Less obvious factors include issues like a reduced feeling of needing to go or difficulties with coordinating muscle movements for a complete bowel movement. Sometimes, lifestyle factors like low fiber intake, dehydration, or side effects from medications may also contribute to these issues. Understanding the exact reason often involves careful evaluation of symptoms and sometimes testing to see how the bowels and pelvic muscles are working.