Why do I experience abdominal pain during my period?

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

Abdominal pain during your period, known as menstrual cramps or dysmenorrhea, is most often caused by your uterus contracting to shed its lining. These contractions are triggered by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, and higher levels typically mean more intense cramping. While mild to moderate cramps are a normal part of the menstrual cycle, severe or worsening pain can sometimes signal an underlying condition like endometriosis or fibroids.

Not sure if your symptoms are typical or something more? A free, instant, online symptom check can help you quickly identify possible causes based on your unique symptoms and guide you on the best next steps—whether that's home care or seeing a doctor. It only takes a few minutes and could give you the clarity and confidence you need to take action.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/14/2026

Important Next Steps

Learn likely causes of period abdominal pain Discover if your cramps need urgent care See whether pelvic pain suggests another condition Find OTC relief for menstrual cramps Find a gynecologist for painful periods Understand medically proven home remedies for cramps Find out if pain needs evaluation

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Explanation

Abdominal pain during menstruation, known as dysmenorrhea, is a common experience for many women. The pain is typically caused by the uterus contracting to expel its lining.

Causes of Menstrual Pain

Uterine Contractions: These contractions are a natural part of the menstrual cycle. They help the uterus shed its lining, which can cause cramping and discomfort.
Prostaglandins: These are chemicals in the body that make the uterus contract more strongly. Higher levels of prostaglandins can lead to more intense pain.

Other Factors

Endometriosis: This condition, where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside it, can also cause severe pain during periods.
Progression Over Time: Pain can vary in intensity throughout the day and may change over the course of your menstrual cycle.

Understanding that menstrual pain is a common experience can help in managing it. However, if the pain is severe or impacts daily life, you can use our free symptom checker to help understand your symptoms better and determine whether you should consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management options.

(References)

Iacovides S, Baker FC, & Avidon I. (2014). The 24-h progression of menstrual pain in women with .... Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 24190696.
Avant RF. (1988). Dysmenorrhea. Primary care, 3054962.
Harada T. (2013). Dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in young women. Yonago acta medica, 24574576.

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