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Published on: 7/14/2026

What are the primary causes of sciatica?

Yoshinori Abe

Reviewed by Yoshinori Abe, MD

Internal Medicine

Sciatica is nerve pain that radiates along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back through the hips and down each leg. The most common causes of sciatica include:

  • Herniated disc: A slipped or bulging disc in the spine presses on the sciatic nerve.
  • Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal puts pressure on the nerve roots.
  • Bone spurs: Bony growths along the spine can irritate or compress the sciatic nerve.

Other contributing factors may include piriformis syndrome, injury, or degenerative disc disease.

Because sciatica can stem from several different underlying conditions—each requiring a different approach—identifying the likely cause is the first step toward relief. Taking a free, instant, online symptom check can help you better understand what's driving your pain and guide you on the smartest next steps, whether that's home care, seeing a physical therapist, or consulting a specialist.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/14/2026

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Important Next Steps

Discover likely causes of sciatica symptomsLearn if sciatica needs urgent careFind out what’s causing your leg painSee OTC options for sciatica reliefFind a doctor for sciatica treatmentUnderstand home remedies for sciatica painCheck if numbness means sciatica

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Explanation

Sciatica is a condition that causes pain along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down through the legs. The primary causes of sciatica involve pressure on the sciatic nerve, which can happen for several reasons.

  1. Herniated Disc: This is the most common cause of sciatica. It occurs when a disc in the spine bulges out and presses on the nerve.

  2. Spinal Stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which can put pressure on the nerve roots.

  3. Bone Spurs: These are bony growths that can develop on the spine and compress the nerve.

These conditions can cause pain, tingling, or numbness in the leg. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, you can use Ubie's free symptom checker to better understand what might be causing your discomfort and determine your next steps for care.

(References)

  • Cortet B, & Bourgeois P. (1992). [Causes and mechanisms of sciatic pains]. La Revue du praticien, 1318574.

  • van Tulder M, Peul W, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 20142811.

  • Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.

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