Sciatica
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Try one of these related symptoms.
Sciatica
Nerve pain in the leg
Pain along the buttock and calf
Pain from the buttocks till the leg
Back pain that shoots to the legs
Pain radiates down the leg
Pain from buttock to thigh
Recurring sciatica pain
About the Symptom
Sciatica describes a painful sensation that starts from lower back and travels or shoots down the leg. This pain may travel down the back or outside of the leg and is often described as shooting. It refers to pain in the distribution of the sciatic nerve
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Abnormal sensation (tingling, prickling)
- Urinary frequency
- Muscle weakness in the limbs
- Numbness / sensory disorder
Possible Causes
Generally, Sciatica can be related to:
- Piriformis Syndrome
The sciatic nerve is responsible for muscle control and sensation of the leg. Sometimes, it can be compressed by the piriformis muscle in the buttocks. This can result in symptoms that are often similar to a slipped disc or nerve compression in the spine.
- Lumbar Vertebrae Disk Herniation
Also known as a slipped disc, this condition is characterized by injury to the cushioning discs between the spinal bones in the lower back (lumbar vertabrae) that causes the disc to bulge outward or rupture. The disc bulge puts pressure on adjacent nerves, which causes pain, leg weakness, or numbness. Poor posture, exercising with incorrect form, or occasionally benign non-lifting movement are some possible causes of this disorder.
- Transverse Myelitis
Transverse myelitis is an inflammation of both sides of one section of the spinal cord. There is often damage to the covering of nerve cell fibers (myelin), which interrupts the messages from the spinal cord nerves to the rest of the body. Causes include infections and immune system disorders that attack the body's tissues.
- Ankylosing Spondylitis
- Spinal Cord Tumor
- Neuropathic Pain
- Spinal Canal Stenosis
- MELAS Syndrome
- Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Sciatica may be related to these serious diseases:
- Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury
The acute phase starts right after a spinal cord injury, which is caused by trauma to the spinal cord. This phase includes blood vessel damage, ionic imbalance, neurotransmitter buildup (excitotoxicity), inflammation, swelling, and cell death.
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Are you experiencing numbness in your buttocks or lower back?
- How often do you experience numbness in your buttocks or lower back?
- When did you first notice the numbness in your buttocks or lower back?
- Which of the following best describes how your numbness in the buttocks or lower back appeared?
Reviewed By:
Kent C Doan, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr Doan Graduated from the University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine and completed residency training in Orthopedic Surgery at the University of Colorado. He completed additional fellowship training in Orthopedic Sports Medicine at the prestigious Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute in Vail, Colorado. He is a practicing Orthopedic Surgeon who specializes in complex and revision knee and shoulder surgery at the Kansas City Orthopedic Institute. He also holds an assistant professorship at the University of Kansas City.
Tomohiro Hamahata, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr. Hamahata graduated from the Jikei University of Medical Science. After working at Asanokawa General Hospital and Kosei Chuo Hospital, he joined the Department of Orthopedics at Asakusa Hospital in April 2021, specializing in general orthopedics and joint replacement surgery.
Content updated on Feb 6, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
How severe can sciatica pain get?
A.
Sciatica pain can be very severe, sometimes causing sharp, shooting pain down the leg and making it hard to move or stand.
References:
Ferreira ML, & McLachlan A. (2016). The Challenges of Treating Sciatica Pain in Older Adults. Drugs & aging, 27738964.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27738964/
Stafford MA, Peng P, & Hill DA. (2007). Sciatica: a review of history, epidemiology, pathogenesis .... British journal of anaesthesia, 17704089.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17704089/
Defrin R, Devor M, & Brill S. (2014). Tactile allodynia in patients with lumbar radicular pain .... Pain, 25242568.
Q.
What are effective stretches for sciatica?
A.
Effective stretches for sciatica include those that target the piriformis muscle and sciatic nerve, helping to reduce tension and improve flexibility.
References:
Ahmad Siraj S, & Dadgal R. (2022). Physiotherapy for Piriformis Syndrome Using Sciatic Nerve .... Cureus, 36712711.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36712711/
ADAMS JE, & INMAN VT. (1959). Stretching of the sciatic nerve; a means of relieving .... California medicine, 13662862.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13662862/
Gulledge BM, Marcellin-Little DJ, Levine D, Tillman L, Harrysson OL, Osborne JA, & Baxter B. (2014). Comparison of two stretching methods and optimization of .... Medical engineering & physics, 24262799.
Q.
What are some methods for relieving sciatica pain?
A.
Sciatica pain can be relieved through medications, alternative therapies like TENS, and specific treatments for older adults.
References:
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, et al. (2012). Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic .... BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 22331277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331277/
Ferreira ML, & McLachlan A. (2016). The Challenges of Treating Sciatica Pain in Older Adults. Drugs & aging, 27738964.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27738964/
Ghoname EA, White PF, Ahmed HE, Hamza MA, Craig WF, & Noe CE. (1999). an alternative to TENS in the management of sciatica. Pain, 10534590.
Q.
What is sciatica?
A.
Sciatica is a pain that travels along the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back down each leg. It can cause discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, and legs.
References:
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227645/
van Tulder M, Peul W, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 20142811.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142811/
Fairag M, Kurdi R, Alkathiry A, Alghamdi N, Alshehri R, Alturkistany FO, et al. (2022). Risk Factors, Prevention, and Primary and Secondary .... Cureus, 36514653.
Q.
How can I get immediate relief from sciatica pain?
A.
Immediate relief from sciatica pain can be achieved through injections, such as lumbar facet joint injections or epidural corticosteroid injections, which help reduce inflammation and pain. However, these are not the first line of treatment for sciatica.
References:
Carrera GF. (1980). Lumbar facet joint injection in low back pain and sciatica. Radiology, 6449717.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6449717/
Chemeisani A, Hamade A, Kawtharani AA, Tarhini H, Hamze N, & Msheik A. (2023). The Benefit of Early Epidural Corticosteroid Injections for .... Cureus, 36923167.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36923167/
Schlumpf U, & Jöhr M. (1997). [Acute lumbar disk displacement with nerve root .... Praxis, 9148389.
Q.
How can one describe the sensation of sciatica?
A.
Sciatica feels like a sharp or burning pain that travels from your lower back down to your leg. It can also feel like tingling, numbness, or weakness in the leg.
References:
Hu MH, Wu KW, Jian YM, Wang CT, Wu IH, & Yang SH. (2010). Vascular compression syndrome of sciatic nerve caused by .... Annals of vascular surgery, 20472387.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20472387/
Govind J. (2004). Lumbar radicular pain. Australian family physician, 15253601.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15253601/
Ljunggren AE. (1983). Descriptions of pain and other sensory modalities in .... Pain, 6225064.
Q.
Is calf pain a common symptom of sciatica?
A.
Calf pain is not directly mentioned as a common symptom of sciatica in the provided references.
References:
Singh JR, & Yip K. (2015). Gluteus maximus calcific tendonosis: a rare cause of sciatic .... American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 25133622.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25133622/
Werle C, Kuntz JL, Ruh D, Mohr M, Wiederkehr JP, Bloch JG, & Asch L. (1992). [Sciatic radiculalgia with muscular hypertrophy]. Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires, 1494739.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1494739/
Miyamoto M, Genbum Y, & Ito H. (2002). [Diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal canal stenosis]. Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku zasshi, 12646992.
Q.
Is there a permanent cure for sciatica?
A.
Sciatica can be managed with treatments like surgery and injections, but a permanent cure is not guaranteed.
References:
Cloward RB. (1985). Posterior lumbar interbody fusion updated. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 3971616.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3971616/
Rask MR. (1980). Superior gluteal nerve entrapment syndrome. Muscle & nerve, 7412775.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7412775/
D'Erme M, Scarchilli A, Artale AM, & Pasquali Lasagni M. (1998). [Ozone therapy in lumbar sciatic pain]. La Radiologia medica, 9636722.
Q.
What are the common causes of muscle pain in the buttocks and thighs?
A.
Muscle pain in the buttocks and thighs can be caused by conditions like deep venous thrombosis and piriformis syndrome.
References:
Bustamante S, & Houlton PG. (2001). Swelling of the leg, deep venous thrombosis and .... Pain research & management, 11854766.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11854766/
Vallejo MC, Mariano DJ, Kaul B, Sah N, & Ramanathan S. (2004). Piriformis syndrome in a patient after cesarean section .... Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 15305258.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15305258/
Pradhan A, & J M. (2024). A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Cureus, 38840988.
Q.
What are the symptoms in the advanced stages of sciatica?
A.
In the last stages of sciatica, symptoms can include severe pain, numbness, or muscle weakness in the leg. These symptoms may be due to spinal issues like spinal stenosis.
References:
Peyronnard JM, Charron L, Messier JP, Lavoie J, Leger C, & Faraco-Cantin F. (1989). Changes in lectin binding of lumbar dorsal root ganglia .... Cell and tissue research, 2776185.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2776185/
Baumgartner H. (1993). [Clinical aspects of spinal stenosis]. Der Orthopade, 8414476.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8414476/
Fleury G, Nissen MJ, & Genevay S. (2014). Conservative treatments for lumbar radicular pain. Current pain and headache reports, 25230798.
Q.
What can be done to prevent recurring sciatica episodes?
A.
To prevent sciatica from coming back, it's important to address underlying issues like nerve root problems and continue with lifestyle modifactions that may be contributing to your sciatica.
References:
Feng Y, Cai F, Chen L, Gu Y, Geng DC, Yang HL, & Tang TS. (2020). Important factor for recurring sciatica after lumbar surgery. Der Orthopade, 31440788.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31440788/
Wu J, Zhang C, Lu K, Li C, & Zhou Y. (2018). Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Reoperation for .... World neurosurgery, 29074423.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29074423/
Ogon M, Goebel WE, & Trappe AE. (1991). [Recurrent sciatica caused by "conjoined nerve roots". .... Der Nervenarzt, 1831545.
Q.
What supportive therapies exist for managing sciatica?
A.
Supportive therapies for sciatica include physical therapy and heat or cold treatments. These methods can help relieve pain and improve mobility.
References:
Bron JL, Helder MN, Meisel HJ, Van Royen BJ, & Smit TH. (2009). Repair, regenerative and supportive therapies of the .... European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 19104850.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19104850/
Thackeray A, Fritz JM, Childs JD, & Brennan GP. (2016). The Effectiveness of Mechanical Traction Among .... The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 26813755.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26813755/
Malanga GA, Yan N, & Stark J. (2015). Mechanisms and efficacy of heat and cold therapies for .... Postgraduate medicine, 25526231.
Q.
Can arthritis pain radiate down the leg similar to sciatica?
A.
Arthritis pain, especially from hip osteoarthritis, can sometimes be felt in the leg, but it is different from sciatica pain.
References:
Khan AM, McLoughlin E, Giannakas K, Hutchinson C, & Andrew JG. (2004). Hip osteoarthritis: where is the pain?. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 15005931.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15005931/
Murakami E, Aizawa T, Kurosawa D, & Noguchi K. (2017). Leg symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint disorder and .... Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 28410481.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410481/
Kovarsky J, & Young MB. (1978). Recurrent painful calf swelling associated with gout. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 729241.
Q.
Can lifestyle factors cause sciatica?
A.
Lifestyle factors like poor posture, lack of exercise, and obesity can contribute to sciatica, but they are not direct causes.
References:
Cortet B, & Bourgeois P. (1992). [Causes and mechanisms of sciatic pains]. La Revue du praticien, 1318574.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1318574/
van Tulder M, Peul W, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 20142811.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142811/
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
Q.
Can massage therapy help alleviate nerve pain in the leg?
A.
Massage therapy can help with nerve pain in the leg by improving movement and reducing pain in some cases.
References:
Bell J. (2008). Massage therapy helps to increase range of motion, .... Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 19083683.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19083683/
Sarısoy P, & Ovayolu O. (2020). The Effect of Foot Massage on Peripheral Neuropathy .... Holistic nursing practice, 33060497.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33060497/
Takamoto K, Sakai S, Hori E, Urakawa S, Umeno K, Ono T, & Nishijo H. (2009). Compression on trigger points in the leg muscle increases .... The journal of physiological sciences : JPS, 19340540.
Q.
Can sciatica lead to nerve pain in the foot?
A.
Yes, sciatica can cause nerve pain in the foot because it involves irritation or compression of the sciatic nerve, which affects the leg and foot.
References:
He JK, Klavas DM, McKissack H, Ahuero JS, Shah A, Granberry WM, & Schon LC. (2020). Don't Lose Your Nerve: Evaluation and Management .... Instructional course lectures, 32017749.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32017749/
Goldman SM. (2003). Neurogenic positional pedal neuritis. Common .... Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 12756307.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12756307/
Baxter DE. (1993). Functional nerve disorders in the athlete's foot, ankle, and leg. Instructional course lectures, 8463665.
Q.
How can muscle pain from the buttocks to the calf be treated?
A.
Muscle pain from the buttocks to the calf may be treated with medications like gabapentin, especially if related to sciatica.
References:
Bustamante S, & Houlton PG. (2001). Swelling of the leg, deep venous thrombosis and .... Pain research & management, 11854766.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11854766/
Sayegh F, Potoupnis M, & Kapetanos G. (2004). Greater trochanter bursitis pain syndrome in females with .... Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 15587030.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15587030/
Grice GR, & Mertens MK. (2008). Gabapentin as a potential option for treatment of sciatica. Pharmacotherapy, 18294119.
Q.
How can physical exercise help alleviate sciatica symptoms?
A.
Physical exercise can help reduce sciatica pain by keeping the body active and improving function.
References:
Fernandez M, Hartvigsen J, Ferreira ML, Refshauge KM, Machado AF, Lemes ÍR, et al. (2015). Advice to Stay Active or Structured Exercise in the .... Spine, 26165218.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26165218/
Fernandez M, Ferreira ML, Refshauge KM, Hartvigsen J, Silva IR, Maher CG, et al. (2016). Surgery or physical activity in the management of sciatica. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 26210309.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26210309/
Arabzadeh E, Rahimi A, Zargani M, Feyz Simorghi Z, Emami S, Sheikhi S, et al. (2022). Resistance exercise promotes functional test via sciatic .... Neuroscience letters, 35872241.
Q.
How does sciatic nerve pain differ from other types of pain?
A.
Sciatic nerve pain is a specific type of pain that travels from the lower back down through the leg, often caused by pressure on the sciatic nerve.
References:
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227645/
Baron R, & Binder A. (2004). [How neuropathic is sciatica? The mixed pain concept]. Der Orthopade, 15067505.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15067505/
Cortet B, & Bourgeois P. (1992). [Causes and mechanisms of sciatic pains]. La Revue du praticien, 1318574.
Q.
How is hip pain that radiates down the leg typically treated?
A.
Hip pain that goes down the leg can be treated with rest, physical therapy, and medications like pain relievers. Sometimes, injections or other treatments might be needed depending on the cause.
References:
Sayegh F, Potoupnis M, & Kapetanos G. (2004). Greater trochanter bursitis pain syndrome in females with .... Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 15587030.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15587030/
Chamberlain R. (2021). Hip Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. American family physician, 33448767.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33448767/
Murray W. (2011). Sacroiliac joint dysfunction: a case study. Orthopedic nursing, 21422895.
Q.
How is lumbago related to sciatica?
A.
Lumbago is another term for lower back pain, while sciatica is pain that travels down the leg from the lower back. They are related because lumbago can be a symptom of sciatica.
References:
Wheeler AH. (1995). Diagnosis and management of low back pain and sciatica. American family physician, 7572557.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7572557/
Durán Sacristán H. (2008). [Lumbago and sciatica]. Anales de la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina, 19505000.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19505000/
Ljunggren AE. (1983). Descriptions of pain and other sensory modalities in .... Pain, 6225064.
Q.
How is pain radiating from the buttock to the thigh typically treated?
A.
Pain from the buttock to the thigh can be treated with physical therapy, dry needling and addressing specific nerve issues.
References:
Puranen J, & Orava S. (1988). The hamstring syndrome. A new diagnosis of gluteal sciatic .... The American journal of sports medicine, 3189686.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3189686/
Guner D, & Ozcete ZA. (2023). Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Dry .... Cureus, 37731410.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37731410
Kraus E, Tenforde AS, Beaulieu CF, Ratliff J, & Fredericson M. (2016). Piriformis Syndrome With Variant Sciatic Nerve Anatomy. PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 26377629.
Q.
Is acupuncture effective for treating nerve pain in the leg?
A.
Acupuncture may help reduce nerve pain in the leg, particularly for conditions like sciatica, but more research is needed to fully understand its effectiveness.
References:
Zhang Z, Hu T, Huang P, Yang M, Huang Z, Xia Y, et al. (2023). The efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for sciatica. Frontiers in neuroscience, 36845439.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36845439/
Inoue M, Hojo T, Nakajima M, Kitakoji H, Itoi M, & Katsumi Y. (2008). Pudendal nerve electroacupuncture for lumbar spinal .... Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society, 18818559.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18818559/
DI XS, Chen J, Wang XR, Liang JJ, Zhang CY, Pan T, et al. (2024). Progress of researches on mechanisms of acupuncture .... Zhen ci yan jiu = Acupuncture research, 38764125.
Q.
Is it possible for sciatica to become a chronic condition?
A.
Yes, sciatica can become a chronic condition, especially if not treated effectively.
References:
Baron R, & Binder A. (2004). [How neuropathic is sciatica? The mixed pain concept]. Der Orthopade, 15067505.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15067505/
Hammed A, Al-Qiami A, Alsalhi H, Almansi A, Massoud M, Alzawahreh A, et al. (2024). Surgical vs. Conservative Management of Chronic Sciatica .... Cureus, 38832179.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38832179/
Schmid AB, Ridgway L, Hailey L, Tachrount M, Probert F, Martin KR, et al. (2023). the FORECAST longitudinal prognostic factor cohort study .... BMJ open, 37019481.
Q.
Is there a connection between COVID-19 and nerve pain in the legs?
A.
The provided references do not directly link COVID-19 to nerve pain in the legs.
References:
Kim N. (2023). Intraneural ganglion cyst of the peroneal nerve occurring .... Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 37818712.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37818712/
Enax-Krumova E, Forsting J, Rohm M, Schwenkreis P, Tegenthoff M, Meyer-Frießem CH, & Schlaffke L. (2023). Quantitative muscle magnetic resonance imaging depicts .... European journal of neurology, 36693812.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36693812/
Pratama IS, Oktaviono YH, & Lusida TTE. (2022). Posterior Myocardial Infarction in a 45-Year-Old Javanese .... The American journal of case reports, 36042692.
Q.
What are common causes of combined muscle and nerve pain in the legs?
A.
Leg pain that involves both muscles and nerves can be caused by many issues. This can be common in athletes due to overuse or injury, or neuropathy due to peripheral arterial disease.
References:
Hudson AJ, Brown WF, & Gilbert JJ. (1978). The muscular pain-fasciculation syndrome. Neurology, 568728.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/568728/
Fredericson M, & Wun C. (2003). Differential diagnosis of leg pain in the athlete. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 12869603.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12869603/
England JD, Ferguson MA, Hiatt WR, & Regensteiner JG. (1995). Progression of neuropathy in peripheral arterial disease. Muscle & nerve, 7715622.
Q.
What are common reasons for experiencing pain down the legs?
A.
Pain down the legs can often be caused by sciatica, spinal stenosis, or lumbar radiculopathy due to a nerve issue.
References:
Davis D, Taqi M, & Vasudevan A. (2025). Sciatica. Unknown Journal, 29939685.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939685/
Goldman SM, Funk JD, & Christensen VM. (1997). Spinal stenosis. A common cause of podiatric symptoms. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 9086718.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086718/
Ukaigwe A, Olugbodi A, & Alweis RL. (2015). lumbar radiculopathy from thoracic nerve schwannoma. Journal of community hospital internal medicine perspectives, 25656663.
Q.
What are possible causes of left buttock pain that radiates down the leg?
A.
Left buttock pain that radiates down the leg can be caused by issues with the sacroiliac joint, piriformis syndrome, or hip problems. Each condition affects the nerves or muscles in different ways, leading to pain that travels down the leg.
References:
Murakami E, Aizawa T, Kurosawa D, & Noguchi K. (2017). Leg symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint disorder and .... Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 28410481.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410481/
Papadopoulos EC, & Khan SN. (2004). Piriformis syndrome and low back pain. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 15062719.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15062719/
Chamberlain R. (2021). Hip Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. American family physician, 33448767.
Q.
What are possible treatments for pain from the buttock down the back of the thigh?
A.
Pain from the buttock down the back of the thigh can be treated by addressing conditions like hamstring syndrome and greater trochanter bursitis, using methods such as rest, physical therapy, or possibly surgery.
References:
Puranen J, & Orava S. (1988). The hamstring syndrome. A new diagnosis of gluteal sciatic .... The American journal of sports medicine, 3189686.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3189686/
Sayegh F, Potoupnis M, & Kapetanos G. (2004). Greater trochanter bursitis pain syndrome in females with .... Acta orthopaedica Belgica, 15587030.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15587030/
Puranen J, & Orava S. (1991). The hamstring syndrome--a new gluteal sciatica. Annales chirurgiae et gynaecologiae, 1897889.
Q.
What are some long-term relief options for sciatica?
A.
Long-term relief for sciatica may include medications, physical therapy, and needling interventions like acupuncture.
References:
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, et al. (2012). Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic .... BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 22331277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331277/
Wheeler AH. (1995). Diagnosis and management of low back pain and sciatica. American family physician, 7572557.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7572557/
Perreault T, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Cummings M, & Gendron BC. (2021). Needling Interventions for Sciatica: Choosing Methods .... Journal of clinical medicine, 34069357.
Q.
What are the common treatments for sciatica?
A.
Common treatments for sciatica include medications, physical therapy, and sometimes surgery if needed.
References:
Wheeler AH. (1995). Diagnosis and management of low back pain and sciatica. American family physician, 7572557.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7572557/
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227645/
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, et al. (2012). Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic .... BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 22331277.
Q.
What are the primary causes of sciatica?
A.
Sciatica is often caused by a herniated disc, spinal stenosis, or bone spurs that irritate the sciatic nerve.
References:
Cortet B, & Bourgeois P. (1992). [Causes and mechanisms of sciatic pains]. La Revue du praticien, 1318574.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1318574/
van Tulder M, Peul W, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 20142811.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142811/
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
Q.
What causes nerve pain in the leg following a hysterectomy?
A.
Nerve pain in the leg after a hysterectomy can be caused by pressure on the femoral nerve during surgery, especially if the patient is in the lithotomy position.
References:
Hsieh LF, Liaw ES, Cheng HY, & Hong CZ. (1998). Bilateral femoral neuropathy after vaginal hysterectomy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 9710179.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9710179/
Tondare AS, Nadkarni AV, Sathe CH, & Dave VB. (1983). Femoral neuropathy: a complication of lithotomy position .... Canadian Anaesthetists' Society journal, 6297699.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6297699/
Räber G, & Schneider HP. (1993). [Femoral nerve paralysis after vaginal hysterectomy and its .... Zentralblatt fur Gynakologie, 8342350.
Q.
What conditions might cause pain in the calf, thigh, and buttocks?
A.
Pain in the calf, thigh, and buttocks can be caused by conditions like peripheral artery disease or lumbar disc problems.
References:
Manzano L, García-Díaz Jde D, Suárez C, Mostaza JM, Cairols M, González-Sarmiento E, et al. (2009). Thigh and buttock exertional pain for the diagnosis of .... European journal of internal medicine, 19524189.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19524189/
Leutzinger TJ, Koutakis P, Fuglestad MA, Rahman H, Despiegelaere H, Hassan M, et al. (2022). Peripheral artery disease affects the function of the legs .... PloS one, 35830421.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35830421/
Liyew WA. (2020). Clinical Presentations of Lumbar Disc Degeneration and .... International journal of rheumatology, 32908535.
Q.
What could cause pain from the buttock to the front of the thigh?
A.
Pain from the buttock to the front of the thigh can be caused by issues with the sacroiliac joint or nerve entrapment in the hip area.
References:
Murakami E, Aizawa T, Kurosawa D, & Noguchi K. (2017). Leg symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint disorder and .... Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 28410481.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410481/
McCrory P, & Bell S. (1999). Nerve entrapment syndromes as a cause of pain in the hip, .... Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 10367335.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10367335/
Chamberlain R. (2021). Hip Pain in Adults: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis. American family physician, 33448767.
Q.
What could cause shooting pain from the leg to the buttock?
A.
Shooting pain from the leg to the buttock can be caused by lumbar radiculopathy, piriformis syndrome, or sacroiliac joint disorder.
References:
Defrin R, Brill S, Goor-Arieh I, Wood I, & Devor M. (2020). "Shooting pain" in lumbar radiculopathy and trigeminal .... Pain, 31651576.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31651576/
Arooj S, & Azeemuddin M. (2014). Piriformis syndrome--a rare cause of extraspinal sciatica. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 25252525.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25252525/
Murakami E, Aizawa T, Kurosawa D, & Noguchi K. (2017). Leg symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint disorder and .... Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 28410481.
Q.
What could it indicate if back pain travels down your leg?
A.
Back pain that travels down the leg might be a sign of sciatica, which is often caused by a problem with the spine.
References:
Davis D, Taqi M, & Vasudevan A. (2025). Sciatica. Unknown Journal, 29939685.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939685/
Ito T, Homma T, & Uchiyama S. (1999). Sciatica caused by cervical and thoracic spinal cord .... Spine, 10382257.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10382257/
Grice GR, & Mertens MK. (2008). Gabapentin as a potential option for treatment of sciatica. Pharmacotherapy, 18294119.
Q.
What is the typical duration of a sciatica episode?
A.
Sciatica episodes often last a few weeks to a few months, but some people may still have pain and disability for longer.
References:
Machado GC, Witzleb AJ, Fritsch C, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, & Ferreira ML. (2016). Patients with sciatica still experience pain and disability 5 .... European journal of pain (London, England), 27172245.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172245/
Konstantinou K, Dunn KM, Ogollah R, Lewis M, van der Windt D, Hay EM, & ATLAS Study Team. (2018). Prognosis of sciatica and back-related leg pain in primary .... The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 29174459.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29174459/
Balagué F, Nordin M, Sheikhzadeh A, Echegoyen AC, Skovron ML, Bech H, et al. (2001). Recovery of impaired muscle function in severe sciatica. European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 11469737.
Q.
What medications are typically prescribed for sciatica?
A.
For sciatica, doctors often prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other pain relief medications, but these treatments can vary based on individual needs.
References:
Rasmussen-Barr E, Held U, Grooten WJ, Roelofs PD, Koes BW, van Tulder MW, & Wertli MM. (2016). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for sciatica. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 27743405.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27743405/
Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, et al. (2012). Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: systematic .... BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 22331277.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22331277/
Ferreira ML, & McLachlan A. (2016). The Challenges of Treating Sciatica Pain in Older Adults. Drugs & aging, 27738964.
Q.
What might cause back pain that shoots down both legs?
A.
Back pain that shoots down both legs may be caused by sciatica or other nerve-related issues in the lower back.
References:
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227645/
Govind J. (2004). Lumbar radicular pain. Australian family physician, 15253601.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15253601/
Polsky Z, Greidanus M, Pandya A, & Jacobs WB. (2020). Risk stratifying nontraumatic back pain for Cauda Equina .... CJEM, 32519628.
Q.
What might cause leg pain extending from the buttocks to the calf?
A.
Leg pain from the buttocks to the calf might be caused by sciatica or a problem with the sciatic nerve, and less commonly, by a tumor or blood clot.
References:
Davis D, Taqi M, & Vasudevan A. (2025). Sciatica. Unknown Journal, 29939685.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939685/
Rodero L, Canga A, Figols J, Berciano J, & Combarros O. (2004). [Buttock mass and malignant sciatic nerve tumor]. Neurologia (Barcelona, Spain), 14762732.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14762732/
Bustamante S, & Houlton PG. (2001). Swelling of the leg, deep venous thrombosis and .... Pain research & management, 11854766.
Q.
What might cause nerve pain in both legs simultaneously?
A.
Nerve pain in both legs can be caused by issues in the lower back, such as spinal stenosis or lumbar radicular pain.
References:
Fourré A, Monnier F, Ris L, Telliez F, Michielsen J, Roussel N, & Hage R. (2023). Low-back related leg pain: is the nerve guilty? How to .... The Journal of manual & manipulative therapy, 35735104.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35735104/
Goldman SM, Funk JD, & Christensen VM. (1997). Spinal stenosis. A common cause of podiatric symptoms. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 9086718.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9086718/
Defrin R, Devor M, & Brill S. (2014). Tactile allodynia in patients with lumbar radicular pain .... Pain, 25242568.
Q.
What might cause pain across the buttocks and down the legs?
A.
Pain across the buttocks and down the legs can be caused by sciatica or lumbar disc degeneration. Rarely, it might also be due to complications from a perianal abscess.
References:
Davis D, Taqi M, & Vasudevan A. (2025). Sciatica. Unknown Journal, 29939685.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29939685/
Gujrathi R, Gupta K, Ravi C, & Pai B. (2016). An Extremely Rare Complication of the Perianal Abscess. Polish journal of radiology, 27733887.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27733887/
Liyew WA. (2020). Clinical Presentations of Lumbar Disc Degeneration and .... International journal of rheumatology, 32908535.
Q.
What treatments are available for pain that extends from the buttocks down the leg?
A.
Pain from the buttocks down the leg can be treated with therapies like stretching, medications, and sometimes injections, especially if it's due to piriformis syndrome or sciatica.
References:
Papadopoulos EC, & Khan SN. (2004). Piriformis syndrome and low back pain. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 15062719.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15062719/
Ro TH, & Edmonds L. (2018). Diagnosis and Management of Piriformis Syndrome. Journal of clinical imaging science, 29541492.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29541492/
Grice GR, & Mertens MK. (2008). Gabapentin as a potential option for treatment of sciatica. Pharmacotherapy, 18294119.
Q.
When is surgery considered for sciatica?
A.
Surgery for sciatica is considered when pain is severe and doesn't improve with other treatments like rest and medication.
References:
Peul WC, van Houwelingen HC, van den Hout WB, Brand R, Eekhof JA, Tans JT, et al. (2007). Surgery versus prolonged conservative treatment for sciatica. The New England journal of medicine, 17538084.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17538084/
Jacobs WC, van Tulder M, Arts M, Rubinstein SM, van Middelkoop M, Ostelo R, et al. (2011). Surgery versus conservative management of sciatica due .... European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 20949289.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20949289/
Bailey CS, Rasoulinejad P, Taylor D, Sequeira K, Miller T, Watson J, et al. (2020). Surgery versus Conservative Care for Persistent Sciatica .... The New England journal of medicine, 32187469.
Q.
Where is sciatica pain typically located?
A.
Sciatica pain usually starts in the lower back and travels down the buttock and the back of the leg.
References:
Valat JP, Genevay S, Marty M, Rozenberg S, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica. Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 20227645.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20227645/
van Tulder M, Peul W, & Koes B. (2010). Sciatica: what the rheumatologist needs to know. Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 20142811.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20142811/
Hu MH, Wu KW, Jian YM, Wang CT, Wu IH, & Yang SH. (2010). Vascular compression syndrome of sciatic nerve caused by .... Annals of vascular surgery, 20472387.
Q.
Where is the sciatic nerve located?
A.
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, starting in the lower back and running down the back of each leg.
References:
Giuffre BA, Black AC, & Jeanmonod R. (2025). Anatomy, Sciatic Nerve. Unknown Journal, 29494038.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29494038/
Hu MH, Wu KW, Jian YM, Wang CT, Wu IH, & Yang SH. (2010). Vascular compression syndrome of sciatic nerve caused by .... Annals of vascular surgery, 20472387.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20472387/
Khan H, Ling S, Ali S, Jonnalagadda P, Ramsey F, Weiner M, & Awan O. (2019). Sciatic Nerve Variants in Patients Diagnosed With Sciatica. Journal of computer assisted tomography, 31738201.
Q.
Which exercises are beneficial for sciatica?
A.
Exercises like resistance training and specific physiotherapy movements can help improve sciatica symptoms by strengthening muscles and improving function.
References:
Pradhan A, & J M. (2024). A Single-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial. Cureus, 38840988.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38840988/
Arabzadeh E, Rahimi A, Zargani M, Feyz Simorghi Z, Emami S, Sheikhi S, et al. (2022). Resistance exercise promotes functional test via sciatic .... Neuroscience letters, 35872241.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35872241/
Boyle KL, & Demske JR. (2009). Management of a female with chronic sciatica and low .... Physiotherapy theory and practice, 19140082.
Q.
Why does hip pain radiate down the leg, especially at night?
A.
Hip pain that travels down the leg might be due to issues with the sacroiliac joint or nerve problems, which can become more noticeable at night.
References:
Murakami E, Aizawa T, Kurosawa D, & Noguchi K. (2017). Leg symptoms associated with sacroiliac joint disorder and .... Clinical neurology and neurosurgery, 28410481.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28410481/
Hallett JW Jr, Wolk SW, Cherry KJ Jr, Gloviczki P, & Pairolero PC. (1990). The femoral neuralgia syndrome after arterial catheter trauma. Journal of vascular surgery, 2335836.
Q.
Why does sciatica keep recurring?
A.
Sciatica can keep coming back because of changes in the spine and its related structures. Treating the underlying causes can help reduce recurrences.
References:
Bydon A, Xu R, Parker SL, McGirt MJ, Bydon M, Gokaslan ZL, & Witham TF. (2010). Recurrent back and leg pain and cyst reformation after .... The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society, 20488765.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20488765/
Chien JJ, & Bajwa ZH. (2008). What is mechanical back pain and how best to treat it?. Current pain and headache reports, 18973732.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18973732/
Lechner R, Putzer D, Krismer M, Haid C, Obwegeser A, & Thaler M. (2019). Braking reaction time before and after surgery for patients .... Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 30875684.
Q.
Why does sciatica often cause pain in the buttocks?
A.
Sciatica can cause pain in the buttocks because the sciatic nerve, which runs through the buttocks, can be irritated by the piriformis muscle.
References:
Cass SP. (2015). Piriformis syndrome: a cause of nondiscogenic sciatica. Current sports medicine reports, 25574881.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25574881/
Parziale JR, Hudgins TH, & Fishman LM. (1996). The piriformis syndrome. American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, N.J.), 9001677.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9001677/
Papadopoulos EC, & Khan SN. (2004). Piriformis syndrome and low back pain. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 15062719.
Q.
Why might driving exacerbate nerve pain in the leg?
A.
Driving can worsen nerve pain in the leg because sitting for long periods can put pressure on nerves, leading to pain or discomfort.
References:
Edwards PH Jr, Wright ML, & Hartman JF. (2005). A practical approach for the differential diagnosis of chronic .... The American journal of sports medicine, 16061959.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16061959/
Lippitt AB. (1993). Neuropathy of the saphenous nerve as a cause of knee pain. Bulletin (Hospital for Joint Diseases (New York, N.Y.)), 8443553.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8443553/
Rau CS, Hsieh CH, Liu YW, Wang LY, & Cheng MH. (2010). Meralgia paresthetica secondary to lipoma. Journal of neurosurgery. Spine, 20043772.
Q.
Why might someone experience nerve pain in the leg after bypass surgery?
A.
Nerve pain in the leg after bypass surgery can happen if the saphenous vein is used in the procedure, which may affect nearby nerves.
References:
Mountney J, & Wilkinson GA. (1999). Saphenous neuralgia after coronary artery bypass grafting. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 10571092.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10571092/
Budillon AM, Zoffoli G, Nicolini F, Agostinelli A, Congiu S, Beghi C, & Gherli T. (2003). Neurologic symptoms after great saphenous vein .... The Journal of cardiovascular surgery, 14735031.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14735031/
Nair UR, Griffiths G, & Lawson RA. (1988). Postoperative neuralgia in the leg after saphenous vein .... Thorax, 3281308.
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NHS
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sciatica/Maslak, Joseph P. MD; Jenkins, Tyler J. MD; Weiner, Joseph A. MD; Kannan, Abhishek S. MD; Patoli, Daneel M. MD; McCarthy, Michael H. MD, MPH; Hsu, Wellington K. MD; Patel, Alpesh A. MD, FACS. Burden of Sciatica on US Medicare Recipients. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 28(10):p e433-e439, May 15, 2020. | DOI: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-19-00174