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Published on: 8/20/2026

What complications can arise from premature rupture of membranes?

Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby. For the mother, the primary risk is infection, including chorioamnionitis (infection of the fetal membranes) and postpartum endometritis. For the baby, complications often stem from preterm birth and may include:

  • Respiratory distress syndrome (breathing difficulties)
  • Neonatal sepsis (infection)
  • Umbilical cord compression or prolapse
  • Underdeveloped organs
  • Long-term developmental issues

Early identification is critical. Because PROM symptoms can overlap with other pregnancy-related conditions, understanding what you're experiencing is the first step toward getting the right care. Take a free, instant, online symptom check to better understand your symptoms and confidently navigate your next steps—whether that means monitoring at home or seeking immediate medical attention.

Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026

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Explanation

When your water breaks early, several problems might happen. First, the protective bag that kept the baby safe is no longer whole, so germs can get in more easily. This can lead to infections in the mother, like a condition called chorioamnionitis, which can make her feel sick with fever and pain. For the baby, being born too early can cause challenges like having trouble breathing because the lungs may not be fully developed. Other problems for the baby can include low birth weight or the risk of serious infections, sometimes called sepsis. In some cases, there can be issues with the umbilical cord, such as it slipping out too early, which might obstruct. All these risks are why doctors carefully monitor both the mother and baby if the water breaks early. If you're experiencing any concerning symptoms, you can use a free symptom checker to help assess your situation before contacting your healthcare provider. They work to treat any infections quickly and help manage the timing of delivery to reduce these complications and keep both mother and baby as safe as possible.

(References)

  • Kilbride HW, Thibeault DW. Neonatal complications of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Pathophysiology and management. Clin Perinatol. 2001 Dec;28(4):761-85. doi: 10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00076-9. PMID: 11817188.

  • Al Riyami N, Al-Ruheili I, Al-Shezaw F, Al-Khabori M. Extreme preterm premature rupture of membranes: risk factors and feto maternal outcomes. Oman Med J. 2013 Mar;28(2):108-11. doi: 10.5001/omj.2013.28. PMID: 23599878; PMCID: PMC3628203.

  • Endale T, Fentahun N, Gemada D, Hussen MA. Maternal and fetal outcomes in term premature rupture of membrane. World J Emerg Med. 2016;7(2):147-52. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.02.011. PMID: 27313811; PMCID: PMC4905872.

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