Sensation of Water-Breaking
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Try one of these related symptoms.
I think my water has broken
Leaking fluid followed by contractions
Uncontrollable leaking from the vagina
Rupture of membranes
Premature rupture of the membranes
About the Symptom
In pregnancy, the baby's water bag (amniotic sac) can break with labor, or even before it. Most patients will feel a large gush of fluid come out of the vagina when this happens, but in some cases the leaking may be less dramatic and intermittent.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Sensation of water-breaking
Possible Causes
Generally, Sensation of water-breaking can be related to:
- Threatened Miscarriage
A threatened abortion or miscarriage are the same condition. A patient may present with vaginal bleeding or cramping in early pregnancy, but an ultrasound will show a live fetus (baby) and the patients cervix will be closed. The majority of these patients will continue to have a normal pregnancy, but some will progress to complete miscarriage.
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Sensation of water-breaking may be related to these serious diseases:
- Premature Rupture of Membranes
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a rupture of the membranes (amniotic sac) before labor begins, close to term. If membrane rupture occurs before 37 weeks, it's called preterm PROM. PROM occurs in about 8% to 10% of all pregnancies. In most cases, the cause of PROM is unknown. Risk factors include infections of the uterus, cervix, or vagina, or increased amniotic fluid causing too much stretching of the amniotic sac.
- Chorioamnionitis
- Threatened Preterm Labor
- Uterine Contractions
- Placental Abruption
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you feel like your water has broken?
Reviewed By:
Ravi P. Chokshi, MD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN), Critical Care)
Current Maternal Fetal Medicine Fellow with Dual board certification in Obstetrics & Gynecology and Critical Care Medicine. | 5+ years experience managing a general Ob/Gyn practice and working in the Intensive Care Unit. | Previously Physician Lead of a large single specialty practice with 8 Physicians and 10+ Advanced practitioners. | Member of the Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine Patient education committee. | Frequent Medscape Consult contributor.
Seiji Kanazawa, MD, PHD (Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN))
Dr. Kanazawa graduated from the Niigata University Faculty of Medicine and received his Ph.D. from the Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine. He is working on the front line of the General Perinatal Center, including the Tokyo Tama General Medical Center and the National Center for Research in Fertility Medicine, where he provides maternal and fetal care and undertakes clinical research. At Ubie, Dr. Kanazawa has been designing the Ubie AI Symptom Checker and has taken on the role of general obstetrics and gynecology consultation at FMC Tokyo Clinic by providing fetal ultrasound and prenatal consultation.
Content updated on Jan 29, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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FAQs
Q.
At what stage in pregnancy is a rupture of membranes most likely to occur?
A.
Water breaking most often happens when you are close to your due date (around 37 weeks or later), but it can also occur earlier in some cases.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Garg A, Jaiswal A. Evaluation and Management of Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Review Article. Cureus. 2023 Mar 24;15(3):e36615. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36615. PMID: 37155446; PMCID: PMC10122752.
Menon R, Richardson LS. Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: A disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. 2017 Nov;41(7):409-419. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.012. Epub 2017 Aug 12. PMID: 28807394; PMCID: PMC5659934.
Q.
Could the sensation of water drops on my skin indicate that my water has broken?
A.
Feeling water drops on your skin might be a sign that your water has broken, but there are other possibilities too, and it is important to check with your doctor for a proper evaluation.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
Q.
How can I differentiate the sensation of water breaking from other bodily sensations?
A.
Water breaking usually feels like a sudden gush or steady trickle of fluid, which is different from the slow, tight feeling of Braxton Hicks contractions or other bodily fluids.
References:
Raines DA, Cooper DB. Braxton Hicks Contractions. [Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Updated 2022 Oct 20]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279571/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279571/
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
How can I distinguish the feeling of water breaking during pregnancy from normal discharge?
A.
Water breaking usually feels like a sudden, warm gush or steady leak of clear fluid, while normal discharge is often thicker, milky, or mixed with mucus and appears gradually.
References:
Iams JD, Stilson R, Johnson FF, Williams RA, Rice R. Symptoms that precede preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Feb;162(2):486-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90417-6. PMID: 2137968.
de Haan HH, Offermans PM, Smits F, Schouten HJ, Peeters LL. Value of the fern test to confirm or reject the diagnosis of ruptured membranes is modest in nonlaboring women presenting with nonspecific vaginal fluid loss. Am J Perinatol. 1994 Jan;11(1):46-50. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-994535. PMID: 8155212.
Desai NM, Tsukerman A. Vaginal Delivery. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
How can I tell if leaking fluid is a sign of labor or something else?
A.
You can tell if leaking fluid is a sign of labor by noting its appearance and consistency and by checking for other labor signs like contractions. It is also important to have this be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
References:
Kazimierak W, Karowicz-Bilińska A, Berner-Trabska M, Brzozowska M, Kowalska-Koprek U, Kuś E. Ciaza u pierwiastki powikłana przedwczesnym peknieciem pecherza płodowego w 15 tygodniu ciazy zakończona porodem donoszonego noworodka--opis przypadku i przeglad piśmiennictwa [Pregnancy in primigravida complicated by premature rupture of membranes in 15th week of pregnancy with successful delivery outcome of the mature newborn--case report and review of the literature]. Ginekol Pol. 2006 Apr;77(4):310-3. Polish. PMID: 16875037.
Abboud P, Zejli A, Mansour G, Monnoyer Y, Houareau LG, Bart H, Bock S. Perte de liquide amniotique et rupture des membranes après amniocentèse. Revue de la littérature [Amniotic fluid leakage and premature rupture of membranes after amniocentesis. A review of the literature]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2000 Dec;29(8):741-745. French. PMID: 11139709.
Q.
How does it feel when your water breaks slowly compared to a sudden gush?
A.
When your water breaks slowly, you feel a gentle, continuous leak that gradually dampens your clothes, while a sudden gush is a quick, forceful burst that soaks you immediately.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM). 2024 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30422483.
Melamed N, Berghella V, Ananth CV, Lipworth H, Yoon EW, Barrett J. Optimal timing of labor induction after prelabor rupture of membranes at term: a secondary analysis of the TERMPROM study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Mar;228(3):326.e1-326.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.018. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36116523.
Hannah ME, Ohlsson A, Farine D, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Myhr TL, Wang EE, Weston JA, Willan AR. Induction of labor compared with expectant management for prelabor rupture of the membranes at term. TERMPROM Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1996 Apr 18;334(16):1005-10. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199604183341601. PMID: 8598837.
Q.
How does the feeling of water breaking differ from other pregnancy symptoms?
A.
Water breaking feels like a sudden burst or steady leak of warm, clear fluid, which is different from usual pregnancy aches or contractions.
References:
Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A Guide for Essential Practice. 3rd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. D, CHILDBIRTH: LABOUR, DELIVERY AND IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM CARE.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
How is premature rupture of membranes defined in medical terms?
A.
Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the breaking of the protective amniotic sac before labor begins, and if it happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy, it is known as preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
References:
Alexander JM, Cox SM. Clinical course of premature rupture of the membranes. Semin Perinatol. 1996 Oct;20(5):369-74. doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80003-6. PMID: 8912990.
Duff P. Premature rupture of the membranes in term patients. Semin Perinatol. 1996 Oct;20(5):401-8. doi: 10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80007-3. PMID: 8912994.
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
How is preterm premature rupture of membranes managed in a clinical setting?
A.
Doctors carefully watch both mom and baby, give medicine like antibiotics and steroids, and monitor for infections and other issues when a mother has preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM).
References:
Waters TP, Mercer BM. The management of preterm premature rupture of the membranes near the limit of fetal viability. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep;201(3):230-40. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.06.049. PMID: 19733274.
Mercer BM. Preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Jan;101(1):178-93. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02366-9. PMID: 12517665.
Herzlich J, Mangel L, Halperin A, Lubin D, Marom R. Neonatal outcomes in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at periviable gestational age. Sci Rep. 2022 Jul 14;12(1):11999. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16265-5. PMID: 35835823; PMCID: PMC9283543.
Q.
Is it normal to feel like my water is going to break before it actually happens?
A.
Yes, many women feel like their water is going to break before it actually does, and this can sometimes be part of normal changes as your body prepares for labor.
References:
Johnson JW, Egerman RS, Moorhead J. Cases with ruptured membranes that "reseal". Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Sep;163(3):1024-30; discussion 1030-2. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)91117-u. PMID: 2206055.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
Is leaking fluid always a sign of labor starting?
A.
Leaking fluid doesn’t always mean labor is starting; sometimes it may be a small rupture of the membranes that doesn’t trigger active labor yet.
References:
Samartharam H, Ila SS, Vasudeva N. Vaginal Drain to Prevent Ascending Infection in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Novel Method. Cureus. 2023 Jul 20;15(7):e42204. doi: 10.7759/cureus.42204. PMID: 37609091; PMCID: PMC10441817.
Lipitz S, Grisaru D, Achiron R, Lidor A, Mashiach S, Schiff E. Pregnancy outcome after early amniotic fluid leakage after transabdominal multifetal reduction. Fertil Steril. 1996 May;65(5):1055-8. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)58287-9. PMID: 8612835.
Hadi HA, Hodson CA, Strickland D. Premature rupture of the membranes between 20 and 25 weeks' gestation: role of amniotic fluid volume in perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Apr;170(4):1139-44. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70109-1. PMID: 8166198.
Q.
What actions should I take if I think my water broke but I am not having contractions?
A.
If you think your water broke but aren’t having contractions, you should contact your healthcare provider right away for an evaluation.
References:
Sénat MV, Schmitz T, Bouchghoul H, Diguisto C, Girault A, Paysant S, Sibiude J, Lassel L, Sentilhes L. Term prelabor rupture of membranes: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF). J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Aug;35(16):3105-3109. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1810230. Epub 2020 Aug 27. PMID: 32847438.
Melamed N, Berghella V, Ananth CV, Lipworth H, Yoon EW, Barrett J. Optimal timing of labor induction after prelabor rupture of membranes at term: a secondary analysis of the TERMPROM study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Mar;228(3):326.e1-326.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.018. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36116523.
Q.
What are the current treatment options for premature rupture of membranes?
A.
Treatment of premature rupture of membranes depends on the baby's age and the mother's health, often involving careful monitoring, antibiotic therapy, and other supportive treatments to help both mother and baby.
References:
Yudin MH, van Schalkwyk J, Eyk NV; INFECTIOUS DISEASES COMMITTEE; MATERNAL FETAL MEDICINE COMMITTEE. Antibiotic therapy in preterm premature rupture of the membranes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2009 Sep;31(9):863-867. English, French. doi: 10.1016/S1701-2163(16)34305-5. PMID: 19941711.
Garite TJ. Management of premature rupture of membranes. Clin Perinatol. 2001 Dec;28(4):837-47. doi: 10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00081-2. PMID: 11817193.
Ruggieri S, Guido M, Taccaliti C, Latorre G, Gallini F, Forziati V, Caringella D, Giocolano A, Fantasia I. Conservative management of preterm premature rupture of membranes < 30 weeks of gestational age: Effectiveness of clinical guidelines implementation strategies. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2023 Jun 16;19:100209. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.2023.100209. PMID: 37426941; PMCID: PMC10329107.
Q.
What are the distinguishing signs to let me know if my water has broken?
A.
Signs that your water has broken include a sudden gush of clear, odorless fluid or ongoing leaking that feels like water from your vagina.
References:
Borenstein R, Shoham Z. Premature rupture of the membranes in a single twin gestational sac. A case report. J Reprod Med. 1990 Mar;35(3):270-1. PMID: 2325040.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the early signs that my water might be breaking?
A.
Early signs that your water might be breaking include a gentle leak of clear, watery fluid, a feeling of dampness, and sometimes mild cramping or pressure in your lower belly.
References:
Hutchison J, Mahdy H, Hutchison J. Stages of Labor. [Updated 2023 Jan 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Iams JD, Stilson R, Johnson FF, Williams RA, Rice R. Symptoms that precede preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Feb;162(2):486-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90417-6. PMID: 2137968.
Q.
What are the initial signs that indicate water breaking is imminent?
A.
You might first notice a sudden wetness or a steady leak of clear fluid from your vagina, along with a feeling of pressure in your lower belly, which can be signs that your water is about to break.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Garg A, Jaiswal A. Evaluation and Management of Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Review Article. Cureus. 2023 Mar 24;15(3):e36615. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36615. PMID: 37155446; PMCID: PMC10122752.
Desai NM, Tsukerman A. Vaginal Delivery. [Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the known risk factors for developing premature rupture of membranes?
A.
Certain factors like infections, a history of early water breaking, and other health or lifestyle issues can increase the risk of premature rupture of membranes.
References:
Bouvier D, Forest JC, Blanchon L, Bujold E, Pereira B, Bernard N, Gallot D, Sapin V, Giguère Y. Risk Factors and Outcomes of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes in a Cohort of 6968 Pregnant Women Prospectively Recruited. J Clin Med. 2019 Nov 15;8(11):1987. doi: 10.3390/jcm8111987. PMID: 31731659; PMCID: PMC6912547.
Byonanuwe S, Nzabandora E, Nyongozi B, Pius T, Ayebare DS, Atuheire C, Mugizi W, Nduwimana M, Okello M, Fajardo Y, Ssebuufu R. Predictors of Premature Rupture of Membranes among Pregnant Women in Rural Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Teaching Hospital. Int J Reprod Med. 2020 Mar 2;2020:1862786. doi: 10.1155/2020/1862786. PMID: 32190642; PMCID: PMC7072099.
Lin D, Hu B, Xiu Y, Ji R, Zeng H, Chen H, Wu Y. Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2024 Mar 29;14(3):e077727. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077727. PMID: 38553068; PMCID: PMC10982755.
Q.
What are the physiological reasons for water breaking during pregnancy?
A.
Water breaks when the amniotic sac weakens and stretches due to natural changes in the body and the baby's growth, which eventually causes the sac to rupture.
References:
Hadi HA, Hodson CA, Strickland D. Premature rupture of the membranes between 20 and 25 weeks' gestation: role of amniotic fluid volume in perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Apr;170(4):1139-44. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70109-1. PMID: 8166198.
Moore RM, Mansour JM, Redline RW, Mercer BM, Moore JJ. The physiology of fetal membrane rupture: insight gained from the determination of physical properties. Placenta. 2006 Nov-Dec;27(11-12):1037-51. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.002. Epub 2006 Mar 3. PMID: 16516962.
Wheeler ML, Oyen ML. Premature Rupture of Membranes and Severe Weather Systems. Front Physiol. 2020 May 26;11:524. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00524. PMID: 32528315; PMCID: PMC7264092.
Q.
What are the potential complications of a prolonged rupture of membranes?
A.
If your water has been broken for a long time, it can increase the risk of infections in both mom and baby, as well as causing other complications.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Iams JD, Stilson R, Johnson FF, Williams RA, Rice R. Symptoms that precede preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Feb;162(2):486-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90417-6. PMID: 2137968.
Novak-Antolic Z, Pajntar M, Verdenik I. Rupture of the membranes and postpartum infection. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997 Feb;71(2):141-6. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(96)02624-3. PMID: 9138956.
Q.
What are the potential outcomes of a preterm rupture of membranes for the baby?
A.
When the amniotic sac breaks too soon, the baby can be born early and face risks such as infections, breathing problems, and other complications related to being premature.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Chandra I, Sun L. Third trimester preterm and term premature rupture of membranes: Is there any difference in maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes? J Chin Med Assoc. 2017 Oct;80(10):657-661. doi: 10.1016/j.jcma.2016.12.006. Epub 2017 Apr 18. PMID: 28431858.
Boettcher LB, Clark EAS. Neonatal and Childhood Outcomes Following Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2020 Dec;47(4):671-680. doi: 10.1016/j.ogc.2020.09.001. Epub 2020 Oct 7. PMID: 33121652.
Q.
What are the signs that indicate a rupture of membranes has occurred?
A.
Signs of a rupture of membranes include a sudden gush or ongoing leak of clear, watery fluid, a consistent feeling of wetness, and sometimes just a change in your usual vaginal discharge.
References:
Melamed N, Berghella V, Ananth CV, Lipworth H, Yoon EW, Barrett J. Optimal timing of labor induction after prelabor rupture of membranes at term: a secondary analysis of the TERMPROM study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Mar;228(3):326.e1-326.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.018. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36116523.
Ochoa Prat A, Pérez Dettoma J. Amenaza de parto prematuro. Rotura prematura de membranas. Corioamnionitis [Preterm labour. Premature rupture of membranes. Chorioamnionitis]. An Sist Sanit Navar. 2009;32 Suppl 1:105-19. Spanish. doi: 10.23938/ASSN.0188. PMID: 19436344.
Q.
What are the signs that my water is breaking slowly rather than all at once?
A.
When your waters break slowly, you may notice a gentle and continuous flow of clear, watery fluid that dampens your clothes rather than a sudden, heavy gush.
References:
Gibbs RS, Blanco JD. Premature rupture of the membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Dec;60(6):671-9. PMID: 6755326.
Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A Guide for Essential Practice. 3rd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. D, CHILDBIRTH: LABOUR, DELIVERY AND IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM CARE.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the signs that my waters are trickling rather than fully breaking?
A.
Trickling waters feel like a slow, steady leak of fluid instead of a strong, sudden gush.
References:
Gold RB, Goyert GL, Schwartz DB, Evans MI, Seabolt LA. Conservative management of second-trimester post-amniocentesis fluid leakage. Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Nov;74(5):745-7. PMID: 2812651.
Sival DA, Visser GH, Prechtl HF. Does reduction of amniotic fluid affect fetal movements? Early Hum Dev. 1990 Sep;23(3):233-46. doi: 10.1016/0378-3782(90)90014-a. PMID: 2253581.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Labor and Delivery. _National Institutes of Health_. Accessed March 22, 2025.
Q.
What are the steps to confirm if my water has broken?
A.
Your doctor will do a physical exam and do special tests—like a nitrazine or fern test—to check if the fluid coming out is amniotic fluid, which would mean your water has broken.
References:
Iannetta O. A new simple test for detecting rupture of the fetal membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Apr;63(4):575-6. PMID: 6700905.
Davidson KM. Detection of premature rupture of the membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;34(4):715-22. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199112000-00007. PMID: 1778013.
Thumm B, Walsh G, Heyborne KD. Diagnosis of rupture of membranes: AmniSure, clinical assessment, and the Food and Drug Administration warning. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Nov;2(4):100200. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100200. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 33345917.
Q.
What are the symptoms that indicate water breaking might happen soon?
A.
Before your water breaks, you might feel pressure in your lower belly, notice a gentle trickle of fluid, or experience light contractions.
References:
Ruamsap K, Panichkul P. The Effect of Early Versus Late Amniotomy on The Course of Labor. J Med Assoc Thai. 2017 Feb;100(2):125-32. PMID: 29916231.
Côrtes CT, Oliveira SMJV, Santos RCSD, Francisco AA, Riesco MLG, Shimoda GT. Implementation of evidence-based practices in normal delivery care. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2018 Mar 8;26:e2988. doi: 10.1590/1518-8345.2177.2988. PMID: 29538583; PMCID: PMC5863276.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
Q.
What are the typical sensations associated with water breaking?
A.
Water breaking is usually felt as a sudden gush or continuous leak of warm, clear fluid, which is different from the normal thick or sticky vaginal discharge felt during pregnancy.
References:
Iams JD, Stilson R, Johnson FF, Williams RA, Rice R. Symptoms that precede preterm labor and preterm premature rupture of the membranes. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Feb;162(2):486-90. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(90)90417-6. PMID: 2137968.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Labor and Delivery. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Available at:
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/labor-delivery
Hutchison J, Mahdy H, Hutchison J. Stages of Labor. [Updated 2023 Jan 30]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What are the underlying causes of premature rupture of membranes?
A.
Premature rupture of membranes can occur due to infections, inflammation, or weakness in the membranes. Sometimes other health issues in the mother or baby add to the risk.
References:
Polzin WJ, Brady K. The etiology of premature rupture of the membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Dec;41(4):810-6. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199812000-00004. PMID: 9917935.
Lin D, Hu B, Xiu Y, Ji R, Zeng H, Chen H, Wu Y. Risk factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2024 Mar 29;14(3):e077727. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077727. PMID: 38553068; PMCID: PMC10982755.
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What complications can arise from premature rupture of membranes?
A.
Complications from premature rupture of membranes can include infections for the mother and problems for the baby such as breathing difficulties and other issues related to being born too early.
References:
Kilbride HW, Thibeault DW. Neonatal complications of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Pathophysiology and management. Clin Perinatol. 2001 Dec;28(4):761-85. doi: 10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00076-9. PMID: 11817188.
Al Riyami N, Al-Ruheili I, Al-Shezaw F, Al-Khabori M. Extreme preterm premature rupture of membranes: risk factors and feto maternal outcomes. Oman Med J. 2013 Mar;28(2):108-11. doi: 10.5001/omj.2013.28. PMID: 23599878; PMCID: PMC3628203.
Endale T, Fentahun N, Gemada D, Hussen MA. Maternal and fetal outcomes in term premature rupture of membrane. World J Emerg Med. 2016;7(2):147-52. doi: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2016.02.011. PMID: 27313811; PMCID: PMC4905872.
Q.
What could be causing the sensation that my water is about to break?
A.
The sensation that your water may be about to break can come from changes in your body, sometimes due to small leaks or early signs of labor, and even environmental factors like shifts in barometric pressure.
References:
Akutagawa O, Nishi H, Isaka K. Spontaneous delivery is related to barometric pressure. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007 Apr;275(4):249-54. doi: 10.1007/s00404-006-0259-3. Epub 2006 Sep 27. PMID: 17004080.
Medina TM, Hill DA. Preterm premature rupture of membranes: diagnosis and management. _Am Fam Physician_. 2006;73(4):659-664.
Wheeler ML, Oyen ML. Premature Rupture of Membranes and Severe Weather Systems. Front Physiol. 2020 May 26;11:524. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00524. PMID: 32528315; PMCID: PMC7264092.
Q.
What is a typical nursing diagnosis that might accompany a diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes?
A.
A typical nursing diagnosis for a patient with premature rupture of membranes is "Risk for Infection" because the broken membranes can allow germs to enter and cause complications.
References:
Caughey AB, Robinson JN, Norwitz ER. Contemporary diagnosis and management of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Rev Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Winter;1(1):11-22. PMID: 18701929; PMCID: PMC2492588.
Kariman N, Afrakhte M, Hedayati M, Fallahian M, Alavi Majd H. Diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes by assessment of urea and creatinine in vaginal washing fluid. Iran J Reprod Med. 2013 Feb;11(2):93-100. PMID: 24639733; PMCID: PMC3941361.
Ekpa QL, Udoudo MI, Nwebeh EI, Nwebeh OC. Preterm Prelabour Rupture of Membrane (PPROM) in a Young Female in South-South Nigeria: A Clinical Case Report. Cureus. 2024 Jan 4;16(1):e51649. doi: 10.7759/cureus.51649. PMID: 38313973; PMCID: PMC10838058.
Q.
What is the prevalence of spontaneous rupture of membranes during pregnancy?
A.
During pregnancy, about one out of every ten women at term experiences spontaneous rupture of membranes, and around three out of every one hundred pregnancies have a preterm rupture.
References:
Yasmina A, Barakat A. Rupture prématurée des membranes à terme: facteurs pronostiques et conséquences néonatales [Prelabour rupture of membranes (PROM) at term: prognostic factors and neonatal consequences]. Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Feb 5;26:68. French. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2017.26.68.11568. PMID: 28451045; PMCID: PMC5398863.
Addisu D, Melkie A, Biru S. Prevalence of Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane and Its Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Admitted in Debre Tabor General Hospital, North West Ethiopia: Institutional-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2020 May 14;2020:4034680. doi: 10.1155/2020/4034680. PMID: 32508927; PMCID: PMC7244979.
Pintucci A, Meregalli V, Colombo P, Fiorilli A. Premature rupture of membranes at term in low risk women: how long should we wait in the "latent phase"? J Perinat Med. 2014 Mar;42(2):189-96. doi: 10.1515/jpm-2013-0017. PMID: 24259235.
Q.
What methods do doctors use to check if your water has broken?
A.
Doctors use a few tests to see if your water has broken, like looking for fluid with a speculum exam, testing the fluid’s pH with a nitrazine or fern test, and sometimes using an ultrasound.
References:
Atterbury JL, Groome LJ, Hoff C. Methods used to diagnose premature rupture of membranes: a national survey of 812 obstetric nurses. Obstet Gynecol. 1998 Sep;92(3):384-9. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(98)00178-1. PMID: 9721775.
Thomasino T, Levi C, Draper M, Neubert AG. Diagnosing rupture of membranes using combination monoclonal/polyclonal immunologic protein detection. J Reprod Med. 2013 May-Jun;58(5-6):187-94. PMID: 23763001.
Kalafat E, Yuce T, Tanju O, Koc A. Preterm premature rupture of membrane assessment via transperineal ultrasonography: a diagnostic accuracy study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016 Nov;29(22):3690-4. doi: 10.3109/14767058.2016.1140742. Epub 2016 Feb 12. PMID: 26755245.
Q.
What personal experiences can mothers share about the feeling when their water broke?
A.
Many mothers have shared that the moment their water broke was surprising and came with a mix of emotions, from relief and excitement to nervousness.
References:
Namujju J, Muhindo R, Mselle LT, Waiswa P, Nankumbi J, Muwanguzi P. Childbirth experiences and their derived meaning: a qualitative study among postnatal mothers in Mbale regional referral hospital, Uganda. Reprod Health. 2018 Nov 3;15(1):183. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0628-y. PMID: 30390685; PMCID: PMC6215682.
Olza I, Leahy-Warren P, Benyamini Y, Kazmierczak M, Karlsdottir SI, Spyridou A, Crespo-Mirasol E, Takács L, Hall PJ, Murphy M, Jonsdottir SS, Downe S, Nieuwenhuijze MJ. Women's psychological experiences of physiological childbirth: a meta-synthesis. BMJ Open. 2018 Oct 18;8(10):e020347. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020347. PMID: 30341110; PMCID: PMC6196808.
Harkness M, Yuill C, Cheyne H, McCourt C, Black M, Pasupathy D, Sanders J, Heera N, Wallace C, Stock SJ. Experience of induction of labour: a cross-sectional postnatal survey of women at UK maternity units. BMJ Open. 2023 May 9;13(5):e071703. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071703. PMID: 37160383; PMCID: PMC10174017.
Q.
What preventive measures can be taken to reduce the risk of premature rupture of the membranes?
A.
Preventive measures include good prenatal care, a healthy diet with adequate minerals and vitamins, and careful management of any infections or other health issues during pregnancy.
References:
Ghomian N, Hafizi L, Takhti Z. The role of vitamin C in prevention of preterm premature rupture of membranes. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013 Feb;15(2):113-6. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.5138. Epub 2013 Feb 5. PMID: 23682322; PMCID: PMC3652497.
Garg A, Jaiswal A. Evaluation and Management of Premature Rupture of Membranes: A Review Article. Cureus. 2023 Mar 24;15(3):e36615. doi: 10.7759/cureus.36615. PMID: 37155446; PMCID: PMC10122752.
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
What should I do if I believe my water broke while I was sleeping?
A.
If you wake up and suspect your water broke while you were sleeping, it's important to contact your healthcare provider right away to get checked out.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM). 2024 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30422483.
Murillo C, Ferrero S, Cobo T, Renau MI, Aldecoa V, Grau L, Ponce J, Rueda C, Palacio M. Outpatient management of preterm prelabor rupture of membranes before 34 weeks: Maternal and neonatal outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2023 Aug;162(2):703-710. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14726. Epub 2023 Mar 3. PMID: 36799695.
Middleton P, Shepherd E, Flenady V, McBain RD, Crowther CA. Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 4;1(1):CD005302. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005302.pub3. PMID: 28050900; PMCID: PMC6464808.
Q.
What tests or checks can confirm if my water has broken?
A.
Your healthcare provider can use a physical exam along with tests like the nitrazine test, fern test, or an AmniSure test to check if your water has broken.
References:
Iannetta O. A new simple test for detecting rupture of the fetal membranes. Obstet Gynecol. 1984 Apr;63(4):575-6. PMID: 6700905.
Davidson KM. Detection of premature rupture of the membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Dec;34(4):715-22. doi: 10.1097/00003081-199112000-00007. PMID: 1778013.
Thumm B, Walsh G, Heyborne KD. Diagnosis of rupture of membranes: AmniSure, clinical assessment, and the Food and Drug Administration warning. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020 Nov;2(4):100200. doi: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100200. Epub 2020 Aug 14. PMID: 33345917.
Q.
When is an artificial rupture of membranes typically performed during labor?
A.
Doctors usually perform an artificial rupture of membranes during active labor when the cervix is showing progress, often after it has started to ripen or open up during induction.
References:
Parrish MM, Kuper SG, Jauk VC, Baalbaki SH, Tita AT, Harper LM. Does Early Artificial Rupture of Membranes Speed Labor in Preterm Inductions? Am J Perinatol. 2018 Jul;35(8):716-720. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1612631. Epub 2017 Dec 14. PMID: 29241279.
Macky PK, Samar H, Conner SJ, Urick AL, Yeager CA, Tiel DJ, Earwood JS, Marshall B. Just Pop It: Early AROM After Cervical Ripening Reduces the Time to Delivery. J Am Board Fam Med. 2024 Mar 11;37(1):147-149. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2023.230344R1. PMID: 38448237.
Hill MG, Wise MR, Pauleau E, Treadwell B, Sadler L. Impact of early versus late artificial rupture of membranes during oxytocin induction of labour on the incidence of chorioamnionitis: a randomised controlled trial (ARM trial). Trials. 2025 Jan 22;26(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-08722-z. PMID: 39844293; PMCID: PMC11752794.
Q.
Where on the body do you typically feel it when your water breaks?
A.
When your water breaks, you'll usually feel a wet or damp sensation in your vaginal and lower abdominal area.
References:
Pregnancy, Childbirth, Postpartum and Newborn Care: A Guide for Essential Practice. 3rd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015. D, CHILDBIRTH: LABOUR, DELIVERY AND IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM CARE.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK326674/
Middleton P, Shepherd E, Flenady V, McBain RD, Crowther CA. Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 4;1(1):CD005302. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005302.pub3. PMID: 28050900; PMCID: PMC6464808.
Mahdy H, Eruo FU. Amniotomy. [Updated 2023 Apr 10]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan.
Q.
Which part of the body does the fluid come from when water breaks?
A.
The fluid comes from the amniotic sac inside your uterus that surrounds and protects your baby.
References:
Beall MH, van den Wijngaard JP, van Gemert MJ, Ross MG. Amniotic fluid water dynamics. Placenta. 2007 Aug-Sep;28(8-9):816-23. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.11.009. Epub 2007 Jan 23. PMID: 17254633.
Fitzsimmons ED, Bajaj T. Embryology, Amniotic Fluid. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM) [Updated 2024 Oct 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
Q.
Why might water break without the onset of contractions?
A.
Water can break without contractions when the membranes weaken or rupture on their own, even if your uterus hasn’t started regular contractions yet.
References:
Dayal S, Jenkins SM, Hong PL. Preterm and Term Prelabor Rupture of Membranes (PPROM and PROM). 2024 Oct 31. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30422483.
Melamed N, Berghella V, Ananth CV, Lipworth H, Yoon EW, Barrett J. Optimal timing of labor induction after prelabor rupture of membranes at term: a secondary analysis of the TERMPROM study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Mar;228(3):326.e1-326.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.018. Epub 2022 Sep 15. PMID: 36116523.
Middleton P, Shepherd E, Flenady V, McBain RD, Crowther CA. Planned early birth versus expectant management (waiting) for prelabour rupture of membranes at term (37 weeks or more). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 4;1(1):CD005302. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005302.pub3. PMID: 28050900; PMCID: PMC6464808.
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ACOG Practice Bulletin - Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/practice-bulletin/articles/2020/03/prelabor-rupture-of-membranesMartin JE. Management of premature rupture of the membranes. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1973 Dec;16(4):213-25. doi: 10.1097/00003081-197312000-00013. PMID: 4617646.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4617646/Dayal S, Hong PL. Premature Rupture of Membranes. [Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532888/