What Are the Symptoms of a Persistent Cough and Phlegm After COVID-19?

Persistent Cough

• Dry or Productive Cough: The cough may be dry (non-productive) or productive, meaning it brings up phlegm or mucus. A productive cough is often associated with the body's attempt to clear mucus from the airways.
• Duration: The cough can last for weeks or even months after the initial COVID-19 infection, with some studies indicating that it may persist for several months in some patients.

Phlegm Production

• Mucus Consistency: The phlegm may vary in color and consistency, ranging from clear to yellow or green, depending on the underlying cause of the cough and any potential secondary infections.
• Volume: Some individuals may notice an increased volume of phlegm, which can be bothersome and may require frequent expectoration.

Associated Symptoms

• Throat Irritation: Many individuals report a scratchy or irritated throat, which can be exacerbated by coughing.
• Shortness of Breath: Some may experience difficulty breathing or a feeling of tightness in the chest, particularly during physical activity.
• Fatigue: Persistent cough and phlegm can contribute to overall fatigue, which is a common symptom in post-COVID conditions.
• Wheezing: Some individuals may develop wheezing, which is a high-pitched sound during breathing, indicating airway constriction.

Potential Underlying Causes

• Airway Hyperreactivity: After COVID-19, some patients may experience increased sensitivity of the airways, leading to persistent cough and phlegm.
• Secondary Infections: Bacterial infections or other respiratory conditions may develop following the initial viral infection, contributing to ongoing symptoms.
• Neuropathy: Some studies have suggested that nerve damage, such as vagus nerve neuropathy, may play a role in chronic cough after COVID-19.