What Might Cause Pain in the Urinary Tract?

When bacteria enter the urinary tract, they can cause an infection. These infections—whether in the bladder (cystitis) or kidneys (pyelonephritis)—cause swelling and pain. The pain occurs because the body sends extra blood and white blood cells to fight the infection. Infections may be caused by wiping incorrectly (from back to front), sexual activity, or using irritating hygiene products. Women are more likely to get these infections because their urethra is shorter, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. Additionally, urinary tract tissues can become inflamed even without an infection. Kidney or bladder stones can cause pain when they move through the tract and irritate surrounding tissues. Another cause is interstitial cystitis, a condition that makes the bladder wall irritated and painful. Exposure to certain chemicals or medications can also trigger urinary tract pain. Anyone experiencing urinary tract discomfort should consult a doctor to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.