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Feel confused
Disoriented
Poor attention span
Cannot focus
My speech does not make sense
Slurred speech
Decreased facial expressions
Poor memory
Feeling sleepy
Unexplained behavior changes
Involuntary muscle jerks
Breathing difficulty
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
Acute encephalopathy refers to sudden brain dysfunction, which can be caused by various factors such as infection or toxins.
Acute encephalopathy treatment depends on the underlying cause but generally includes supportive care, such as monitoring vital signs, providing fluids, and managing symptoms. Specific treatments may target the underlying issue, such as infection or metabolic disturbances.
Reviewed By:
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Feb 28, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Reddy P, Culpepper K. Inpatient Management of Encephalopathy. Cureus. 2022 Feb 10;14(2):e22102. doi: 10.7759/cureus.22102. PMID: 35291547; PMCID: PMC8917954.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8917954/Imataka G, Kuwashima S, Yoshihara S. A Comprehensive Review of Pediatric Acute Encephalopathy. J Clin Med. 2022 Oct 7;11(19):5921. doi: 10.3390/jcm11195921. PMID: 36233788; PMCID: PMC9570744.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9570744/Sugiyama, Y., & Murayama, K. (2023). Acute Encephalopathy Caused by Inherited Metabolic Diseases. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(11), 3797.
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/11/3797