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Loss of appetite
Have a fever
Weak
Problems remembering
Have a headache
Brain fog
Change in personality
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Encephalitis / Encephalopathy?
Encephalitis and encephalopathy are brain conditions that can result in permanent damage. Encephalitis refers to brain inflammation, while encephalopathy is a broad term for any brain disease or disorder. Several causes can lead to these conditions, including infections, trauma, metabolic problems, drugs, and lack of oxygen to the brain.
Typical Symptoms of Encephalitis / Encephalopathy
- Seizure
- History of HIV or AIDS
- Smile is not symmetrical
- Difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things
- Weakness on one side of the body
- Pain over the back of my head
- Unable to execute simple commands such as 'squeeze my hand and then let it go'
- Personality change
Diagnostic Questions for Encephalitis / Encephalopathy
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have you experienced any seizures?
- Have you ever been diagnosed with HIV or AIDS?
- Is it hard to raise one corner of your mouth when you smile?
- Have you been experiencing difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things?
- Are you experiencing an inability to move one side of your body?
Treatment of Encephalitis / Encephalopathy
Treatment depends on the cause of the brain condition. Medications to reduce inflammation, eliminate infection, and slow brain damage progression may be used, and in some cases, surgery may be required. Anti-seizure medication is prescribed for seizures. Supportive treatment with fluids injected into the vein is needed to keep the patient stable.
Reviewed By:
Maxwell J. Nanes, DO (Emergency Medicine)
Dr Nanes received a doctorate from the Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine and went on to complete a residency in emergency medicine at the Medical College of Wisconsin. There he trained at Froedtert Hospital and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin in the practice of adult and pediatric emergency medicine. He was a chief resident and received numerous awards for teaching excellence during his time there. | | After residency he took a job at a community hospital where he and his colleagues worked through the toughest days of the COVID-19 pandemic. |
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on Feb 13, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- My body is jerking
- Twitching
- Fever seizures (with fever of >100.4°F / 38°C)
- Antisocial behavior and language difficulty
- Seizures without fever
- The first seizure
- Repetitive seizures
- Seizure with fainting
- Can't say what I want to say
- Seizures when I wake up
- I have a seizure that is not symmetric
- Recently had a seizure
- I am currently having convulsions lasting less than 5 minutes
- Experienced a seizure lasting longer than usual but lasting less than 10 minutes
- Speech is difficult and requires conscious effort
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Symptoms Related to Encephalitis / Encephalopathy
Diseases Related to Encephalitis / Encephalopathy
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Alam AM, Easton A, Nicholson TR, Irani SR, Davies NWS, Solomon T, Michael BD. Encephalitis: diagnosis, management and recent advances in the field of encephalitides. Postgrad Med J. 2023 Jul 21;99(1174):815-825. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2022-141812. Epub 2022 Jun 23. PMID: 37490360.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37490360/Ellul M, Solomon T. Acute encephalitis - diagnosis and management. Clin Med (Lond). 2018 Mar;18(2):155-159. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-155. PMID: 29626021; PMCID: PMC6303463.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29626021/Erkkinen MG, Berkowitz AL. A Clinical Approach to Diagnosing Encephalopathy. Am J Med. 2019 Oct;132(10):1142-1147. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Jul 19. PMID: 31330129.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31330129/