Mild Cognitive Impairment vs Dementia Quiz

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI): Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also known as mild or "pre-dementia" in which patients experience forgetfulness or other cognitive problems (such as issues with language or thinking) that do not prevent them from daily functioning. A small proportion of patients have MCI due to depression, medication side effects, sleep disturbances such as sleep apnea, low vitamin B12 levels or low thyroid function. Some controllable risk factors include excessive alcohol intake, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, as well as lack of mental stimulation. Patients with MCI have a high risk for developing dementia, which occurs in about 14% of cases.

Dementia: Dementia is a general term for a decline in memory, thinking, or other cognitive abilities that interferes with daily life. It is not a normal part of aging. Dementia can be caused by a variety of conditions, the most common being Alzheimer's disease. Other causes include vascular dementia (due to strokes or blood flow issues), Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Symptoms may include memory loss, confusion, language difficulties, personality changes, and impaired judgment. Risk factors include advanced age, family history, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and head injury.

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Specific Symptoms

• Noticeable memory or thinking issues, but not severe
• Preserved ability to perform daily activities
• Often aware of cognitive changes
• May remain stable or progress slowly
• Higher risk of developing dementia

Dementia Specific Symptoms

• Significant memory loss and confusion
• Impaired judgment and reasoning
• Difficulty with daily activities and self-care
• Personality or behavior changes
• Progressive and typically irreversible

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Treatment Approaches

There are no medications to cure MCI. Lifestyle measures such as regular exercise may be helpful. A doctor can also review medications that can worsen MCI symptoms, evaluate for sleep problems, evaluate for depression, or perform bloodwork to rule out low thyroid function or B12 levels.

Dementia Treatment Approaches

There is no cure for most types of dementia. However, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life. Certain medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil) or memantine may help with memory or behavior in some patients. Non-drug approaches such as maintaining a structured routine, engaging in physical and mental activity, ensuring proper nutrition, and providing caregiver support are also important. Treatable contributing factors like sleep disturbances, depression, or medication side effects should be evaluated by a physician.