PCOS vs Endometriosis Quiz

PCOS: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or PCOS is a condition that can affect women during their reproductive years. It is generally diagnosed when women have irregular periods (menstrual cycles) along with features of excess male hormones (androgens). Patients typically have evidence of abnormal hair growth on their face, chest or abdomen. They can have multiple cysts (fluid sacs) on their ovaries when looked at by ultrasound. Patients with obesity have an increased risk for PCOS. The exact cause is unknown, but it can run in families and is related to hormonal imbalances (estrogen, insulin, testosterone etc).

Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition where endometrial cells (cells that line the womb) grow outside the uterus, typically near the ovaries or fallopian tubes. It is a common cause of pelvic pain, that can worsen with menstruation. The exact cause is unclear but there are several possible explanations, including the backward flow of menstrual blood into the abdominal cavity, immune system disorders, or transformation of normal abdominal cells. It is typically seen in reproductive-aged women, and most often diagnosed in their 30's and 40's. It can cause infertility in some patients due to scarring of the fallopian tubes.

PCOS Specific Symptoms

• Irregular or missed periods
• Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
• Acne or oily skin
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
• Ovarian cysts
• Insulin resistance

Endometriosis Specific Symptoms

• Severe menstrual cramps
• Pain during or after sex
• Painful bowel movements or urination during periods
• Heavy menstrual bleeding
• Spotting between periods
• Gastrointestinal symptoms (bloating, nausea, constipation)

PCOS Treatment Approaches

The diagnosis must first be confirmed and other conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders must be ruled out. With PCOS, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, correcting diabetes and eating better can help. Many patients will need hormonal medications to control their menstrual cycle and reduce future risks. Treatment also can be used to reduce symptoms, such as laser or cream for hair removal. If fertility is desired, the specialist may advise on medications or minor surgeries to improve fertility. If fertility medicines are not effective, surgical procedures may be recommended. Many women can get pregnant with PCOS, sometimes with needed treatment.

Endometriosis Treatment Approaches

Treatment aims to relieve symptoms with a combination of medications and surgery. Medication options include pain relievers, contraceptives, and hormonal therapy. Surgery may be offered for severe disease and may help with infertility.