Diffuse Axon Injury Quiz
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Knocked my head
Becoming listless and unenergetic
Problems remembering
Blacking out
Memories were muddled after I woke up from the fainting episode
Hard to walk
Unusual behavior
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Diffuse Axon Injury?
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a type of damage that occurs to nerve cells as a result of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is most often caused by blunt head trauma. DAI is sometimes accompanied by severe alterations in someone's level of consciousness, such as lethargy or coma.
Typical Symptoms of Diffuse Axon Injury
- Difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things
- Injury to the head
- Less responsive or fewer facial expressions lately
- Fainting
- History of dementia
- Seizure
- Confused or drowsy for a while after recovering consciousness
- I noticed or have been told that I am acting strangely or differently lately
Diagnostic Questions for Diffuse Axon Injury
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have you been experiencing difficulty speaking, performing tasks, or recognizing things?
- Did you injure your head?
- Have you seemed less responsive or shown fewer facial expressions lately?
- Have you fainted recently?
- Have you been diagnosed with dementia?
Treatment of Diffuse Axon Injury
Generally, steroid medications are not routinely given to treat TBI as these medications have been associated with higher death rates than placebo. However, hospitalization and close monitoring in an ICU setting, ideally a neurological ICU, is indicated in the first several days.
Reviewed By:
Benjamin Kummer, MD (Neurology)
Dr Kummer is Assistant Professor of Neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS), with joint appointment in Digital and Technology Partners (DTP) at the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS) as Director of Clinical Informatics in Neurology. As a triple-board certified practicing stroke neurologist and informaticist, he has successfully improved clinical operations at the point of care by acting as a central liaison between clinical neurology faculty and DTP teams to implement targeted EHR configuration changes and workflows, as well as providing subject matter expertise on health information technology projects across MSHS. | Dr Kummer also has several years’ experience building and implementing several informatics tools, presenting scientific posters, and generating a body of peer-reviewed work in “clinical neuro-informatics” – i.e., the intersection of clinical neurology, digital health, and informatics – much of which is centered on digital/tele-health, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. He has spearheaded the Clinical Neuro-Informatics Center in the Department of Neurology at ISMMS, a new research institute that seeks to establish the field of clinical neuro-informatics and disseminate knowledge to the neurological community on the effects and benefits of clinical informatics tools at the point of care.
Shohei Harase, MD (Neurology)
Dr. Harase spent his junior and senior high school years in Finland and the U.S. After graduating from the University of Washington (Bachelor of Science, Molecular and Cellular Biology), he worked for Apple Japan Inc. before entering the University of the Ryukyus School of Medicine. He completed his residency at Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, where he received the Best Resident Award in 2016 and 2017. In 2021, he joined the Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine at the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, specializing in hyperacute stroke.
Content updated on May 13, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- Antisocial behavior and language difficulty
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- Tripped and fell and hit my head
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- Feeling little to no interest in anything ans experiencing a cough and eyes discharge
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- "Dent" in the head after it was hit
See full list
Symptoms Related to Diffuse Axon Injury
Diseases Related to Diffuse Axon Injury
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Humble SS, Wilson LD, Wang L, Long DA, Smith MA, Siktberg JC, Mirhoseini MF, Bhatia A, Pruthi S, Day MA, Muehlschlegel S, Patel MB. Prognosis of diffuse axonal injury with traumatic brain injury. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2018 Jul;85(1):155-159. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001852. PMID: 29462087; PMCID: PMC6026031.
https://journals.lww.com/jtrauma/abstract/2018/07000/prognosis_of_diffuse_axonal_injury_with_traumatic.24.aspxDavceva N, Basheska N, Balazic J. Diffuse Axonal Injury-A Distinct Clinicopathological Entity in Closed Head Injuries. Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2015 Sep;36(3):127-33. doi: 10.1097/PAF.0000000000000168. PMID: 26010053.
https://journals.lww.com/amjforensicmedicine/abstract/2015/09000/diffuse_axonal_injury_a_distinct.2.aspxSmith DH, Hicks R, Povlishock JT. Therapy development for diffuse axonal injury. J Neurotrauma. 2013 Mar 1;30(5):307-23. doi: 10.1089/neu.2012.2825. Epub 2013 Feb 14. PMID: 23252624; PMCID: PMC3627407.
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2012.2825Li XY, Feng DF. Diffuse axonal injury: novel insights into detection and treatment. J Clin Neurosci. 2009 May;16(5):614-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2008.08.005. Epub 2009 Mar 12. PMID: 19285410.
https://www.jocn-journal.com/article/S0967-5868(08)00464-5/fulltextFaul M, Coronado V. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Handb Clin Neurol. 2015;127:3-13. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52892-6.00001-5. PMID: 25702206.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444528926000015?via%3DihubEdwards P, Arango M, Balica L, Cottingham R, El-Sayed H, Farrell B, Fernandes J, Gogichaisvili T, Golden N, Hartzenberg B, Husain M, Ulloa MI, Jerbi Z, Khamis H, Komolafe E, Laloë V, Lomas G, Ludwig S, Mazairac G, Muñoz Sanchéz Mde L, Nasi L, Olldashi F, Plunkett P, Roberts I, Sandercock P, Shakur H, Soler C, Stocker R, Svoboda P, Trenkler S, Venkataramana NK, Wasserberg J, Yates D, Yutthakasemsunt S; CRASH trial collaborators. Final results of MRC CRASH, a randomised placebo-controlled trial of intravenous corticosteroid in adults with head injury-outcomes at 6 months. Lancet. 2005 Jun 4-10;365(9475):1957-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66552-X. PMID: 15936423.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067360566552X?via%3Dihub