Published on: 6/26/2025
What is Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo and how is it diagnosed?
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is a common cause of dizziness, triggered by changes in head position. It is diagnosed through specific physical tests that check for nystagmus, a type of eye movement.
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Explanation
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, or BPPV, is a condition that causes sudden dizziness or a spinning sensation when you move your head in certain ways. It happens because tiny crystals in the inner ear become dislodged and interfere with balance signals.
Diagnosis
- Dix-Hallpike Test: This is a common test where the doctor quickly moves your head to see if it causes dizziness and nystagmus, which is a rapid, involuntary eye movement.
- Roll Test: This test involves turning the head while lying down to see if it triggers vertigo, especially if the Dix-Hallpike test is negative.
Doctors use these tests to see how the eyes react to head movements. If the eyes move in a certain way, it helps confirm BPPV. These tests are important because they help differentiate BPPV from other causes of dizziness, ensuring proper treatment.
(References)
- Lee SH, & Kim JS. (2010). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 20607044.
- Furman JM, & Cass SP. (1999). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The New England journal of medicine, 10564690.
- Cole SR, & Honaker JA. (2022). Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: Effective diagnosis .... Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine, 36319052.
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