Published on: 4/28/2025
Limited elbow movement can occur when the joint becomes stiff from previous injuries, scar tissue, or arthritis.
There are several reasons why your elbow may be difficult to bend completely. A common cause is a previous injury that results in scar tissue or bone changes. After an elbow injury, the healing process may create excess tissue (scar tissue) or additional bone formation, making the joint stiff. This condition is known as post-traumatic stiffness. After an injury, the joint capsule (the soft tissue surrounding the joint) or the nearby muscles and tendons may tighten. This could also restrict the elbow's range of motion. These changes reduce the joint's normal movement space, leading to stiffness. Arthritis in the elbow can also limit flexibility by causing pain and swelling. If you cannot fully bend your elbow, you should consult a doctor who can evaluate these issues and recommend ways to improve your range of motion.
(References)
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Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Filh GM, Galvão MV. POST-TRAUMATIC STIFFNESS OF THE ELBOW. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Nov 17;45(4):347-54. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30380-3. PMID: 27022563; PMCID: PMC4799099.
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