Elbow Pain
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Try one of these related symptoms.
My elbow hurts
Can't bend or extend my elbow properly because it hurts
Elbow broken or sprained
Pain in left elbow
Pain in right elbow
Elbow aches all the time
Elbow joint pain
Bending the elbow causes pain
Elbow pain when trying to sleep
Elbow pain that gets worse when twisting cloth
Turning doorknob causes elbow pain
Elbow aches when straightening
About the Symptom
This refers to pain or discomfort arising from any part of the elbow joint. It can be aching, sharp, dull, or pressing in nature.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Recent weight loss
- Numbness / sensory disorder
- Repeated fever above 38 ℃
- Swelling of the affected area
- Fever
Possible Causes
Generally, Elbow pain can be related to:
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis that occurs in children under 16 years old. It's a chronic condition characterized by joint pain and swelling that can last for months or years. It affects one or more joints for at least 6 weeks. JIA occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues The cause of JIA is unknown.
- Sjogren Syndrome
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the organs that produce tears and saliva, resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth. In some cases, internal organs can also be gradually affected. Disease severity is highly variable.
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
Wear and tear of the joint cartilage over time. Risk factors include repetitive joint movements and carrying heavy loads for many years.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Adult Still's Disease
- Congenital Hemophilia
- Tenosynovitis
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Elbow pain may be related to these serious diseases:
- Decompression Sickness
Decompression sickness (also called "the bends") refers to problems caused by a rapid decrease in surrounding pressure (either air or water). This causes gases to dangerously shift out of the bloodstream. It most commonly occurs during scuba diving when surfacing too quickly. Rarely, it can happen in airplanes, typically in military pilots traveling at high speeds through upper and lower atmosphere layers.
- Elbow Dislocation / Nursemaid's Elbow
- Rheumatic Fever
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you have pain in your elbow?
- Does the elbow hurt when sleeping?
- Does your elbow pain worsen when you bend or straighten it?
- Does elbow pain worsen when wringing a towel?
- Does elbow pain worsen when turning a doorknob?
Reviewed By:
Kent C Doan, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr Doan Graduated from the University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine and completed residency training in Orthopedic Surgery at the University of Colorado. He completed additional fellowship training in Orthopedic Sports Medicine at the prestigious Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute in Vail, Colorado. He is a practicing Orthopedic Surgeon who specializes in complex and revision knee and shoulder surgery at the Kansas City Orthopedic Institute. He also holds an assistant professorship at the University of Kansas City.
Tomohiro Hamahata, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr. Hamahata graduated from the Jikei University of Medical Science. After working at Asanokawa General Hospital and Kosei Chuo Hospital, he joined the Department of Orthopedics at Asakusa Hospital in April 2021, specializing in general orthopedics and joint replacement surgery.
Content updated on Jan 29, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- I have pain in both elbows
- Opening a door with a doorknob causes elbow to hurt
- Can't wring cloth or clothes because my elbow hurts
- Sleeping is difficult because my elbow hurts
- Hurts to bend arm (elbow)
- I can't bend or straighten my arm because of pain
- Elbow pain that gets worse when wringing a towel
- Elbow hurts even more when turning a doorknob
- Elbow throbbing through the night
- I feel pain at my elbow
- Elbow pain gets worse when turning a doorknob
- Straightening the elbow makes the pain worse
- Can't turn a doorknob because of elbow pain
- Wringing a towel causes my elbow to hurt
- Bending the elbow makes the pain worse
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FAQs
Q.
What Should I Do If My Elbow Popped and Now It Hurts?
A.
If your elbow pops and starts hurting, stop using it and rest. If you notice severe pain, swelling, or difficulty moving it, see a doctor right away.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Layson J, Best BJ. Elbow Dislocation. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Bjerre JJ, Johannsen FE, Rathcke M, Krogsgaard MR. Snapping elbow-A guide to diagnosis and treatment. World J Orthop. 2018 Apr 18;9(4):65-71. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i4.65. PMID: 29686971; PMCID: PMC5908985.
Q.
What Are Effective Methods to Relieve Elbow Joint Pain?
A.
Physiotherapy techniques—including stretching, strengthening, and massage—can help relieve elbow joint pain. Additional treatments may be needed depending on the underlying cause.
References:
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Martinez-Catalan N, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Primary Elbow Osteoarthritis: Evaluation and Management. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 9;19:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.002. PMID: 34099969; PMCID: PMC8165431.
Kruse KK, Papatheodorou LK, Weiser RW, Sotereanos DG. Release of the stiff elbow with mini-open technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016 Mar;25(3):355-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.10.025. PMID: 26927431.
Q.
How Can I Determine If My Elbow Injury Is Serious?
A.
A serious elbow injury may be indicated by severe pain, deformity, swelling, or limited arm movement. If you're uncertain about the severity of an injury, seek medical evaluation including X-rays.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Kandemir U, Fu FH, McMahon PJ. Elbow injuries. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002 Mar;14(2):160-7. doi: 10.1097/00002281-200203000-00013. PMID: 11845021.
Breda G, De Marco G, Cesaraccio P, Pillastrini P. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to rule out elbow fracture: a systematic review. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2023 Jun;26(2):182-190. doi: 10.5397/cise.2022.00948. Epub 2022 Aug 16. PMID: 35971600; PMCID: PMC10277706.
Q.
How Can I Prevent Elbow Pain While Sleeping?
A.
Adjusting your sleep position and using pillows for elbow support can help reduce pain. Maintaining a neutral, relaxed elbow position is essential for sleeping comfortably.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Siemensma MF, van der Windt AE, van Es EM, Colaris JW, Eygendaal D. Management of the stiff elbow: a literature review. EFORT Open Rev. 2023 May 9;8(5):351-360. doi: 10.1530/EOR-23-0039. PMID: 37158372; PMCID: PMC10233805.
Sims SE, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hand (N Y). 2014 Dec;9(4):419-46. doi: 10.1007/s11552-014-9642-x. PMID: 25414603; PMCID: PMC4235906.
Q.
What Could Be the Causes of Pain in the Right Elbow?
A.
Right elbow pain is commonly related to overuse injuries and musculoskeletal problems. However, there are other causes to consider.
References:
Cohen M, da Rocha Motta Filho G. LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS OF THE ELBOW. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Dec 8;47(4):414-20. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30121-X. PMID: 27047843; PMCID: PMC4799438.
Jung SS, Lee MK, Lim SH, Kwon YM, Choi SS. Elbow pain proven to be tuberculous arthritis -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010 Feb;58(2):211-4. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2010.58.2.211. Epub 2010 Feb 28. PMID: 20498803; PMCID: PMC2872853.
Stasinopoulos D, Papadopoulou M. Is Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy an Appropriate Clinical Diagnostic Term When the Condition Is Persistent? J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 20;11(9):2290. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092290. PMID: 35566416; PMCID: PMC9103793.
Q.
What Steps Should I Take When My Elbow Hurts Persistently?
A.
If your elbow hurts persistently, it's important to have a doctor examine it. Treatment typically includes rest, ice therapy, gentle exercises, and — based on your doctor's recommendation — physical therapy.
References:
Taylor SA, Hannafin JA. Evaluation and management of elbow tendinopathy. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):384-93. doi: 10.1177/1941738112454651. PMID: 23016111; PMCID: PMC3435941.
Amin NH, Kumar NS, Schickendantz MS. Medial epicondylitis: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Jun;23(6):348-55. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00145. PMID: 26001427.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Mahanta V, Dudhamal TS, Gupta SK. Management of tennis elbow by Agnikarma. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2013 Jan;4(1):45-7. doi: 10.4103/0975-9476.109552. PMID: 23741162; PMCID: PMC3667434.
Q.
What Exercises Can Help Alleviate Elbow Pain?
A.
Exercises like isometric holds, eccentric strengthening, and gentle stretching can help ease elbow pain but specific recommendations require evaluation by a physical therapist.
References:
Wallis JA, Bourne AM, Jessup RL, Johnston RV, Frydman A, Cyril S, Buchbinder R. Manual therapy and exercise for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 28;5(5):CD013042. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013042.pub2. PMID: 38802121; PMCID: PMC11129914.
Stasinopoulos D. Isometric Exercise for the Management of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 22;12(1):94. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010094. PMID: 36614894; PMCID: PMC9820871.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Q.
What Should I Do If I've Had Elbow Pain for Months?
A.
If you have elbow pain that persists for months, see a doctor to identify the cause and develop a treatment plan, which may include rest, medication, and targeted exercises.
References:
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Lin KM, Ellenbecker TS, Safran MR. Rehabilitation and Return to Sport Following Elbow Injuries. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 5;4(3):e1245-e1251. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.01.012. PMID: 35747663; PMCID: PMC9210377.
Karjalainen TV, Ponkilainen V, Chong A, Johnston RV, Le TLA, Lähdeoja TA, Buchbinder R. Glucocorticoid injections for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 6;2022(9):CD001978. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001978.pub2. PMCID: PMC9446381.
Q.
What Are the Most Effective Treatments for Chronic Elbow Pain?
A.
Doctors typically begin with conservative treatments—including rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications—to manage chronic elbow pain. If these initial approaches prove inadequate, more advanced interventions like injections or surgery may be considered.
References:
Lai WC, Erickson BJ, Mlynarek RA, Wang D. Chronic lateral epicondylitis: challenges and solutions. Open Access J Sports Med. 2018 Oct 30;9:243-251. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S160974. PMID: 30464656; PMCID: PMC6214594
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – The treatment options for tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507012/
Uttamchandani SR, Phansopkar P. Conservative Management of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Review. Cureus. 2024 May 8;16(5):e59875. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59875. PMID: 38854316; PMCID: PMC11157989.
Q.
What Are the Potential Causes of Elbow Pain?
A.
Elbow pain occurs for various reasons, including problems with the tendons, muscles, and nerves surrounding the elbow.
References:
Gangatharam S. Anconeus syndrome: A potential cause for lateral elbow pain and its therapeutic management-A case report. J Hand Ther. 2021 Jan-Mar;34(1):131-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31492479.
Rineer CA, Ruch DS. Elbow tendinopathy and tendon ruptures: epicondylitis, biceps and triceps ruptures. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Mar;34(3):566-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.01.022. PMID: 19258160.
Johns N, Shridhar V. Lateral epicondylitis: Current concepts. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020 Nov;49(11):707-709. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-07-20-5519. PMID: 33123709.
Aben A, De Wilde L, Hollevoet N, Henriquez C, Vandeweerdt M, Ponnet K, Van Tongel A. Tennis elbow: associated psychological factors. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2018 Mar;27(3):387-392. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.11.033. PMID: 29433642.
Q.
What Methods Can Relieve Elbow Pain From Lifting Heavy Objects?
A.
Taking a break from heavy lifting while performing gentle exercises can help relieve elbow pain. Simple stretches, strengthening exercises, and proper lifting techniques reduce discomfort and build elbow strength.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – Tennis elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
Karabinov V, Georgiev GP. Lateral epicondylitis: New trends and challenges in treatment. World J Orthop. 2022 Apr 18;13(4):354-364. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i4.354. PMID: 35582153; PMCID: PMC9048498.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Q.
What Are Some Effective Ways to Fix Inner Elbow Pain?
A.
Rest, gentle exercises, and medication can help relieve inner elbow pain by allowing your body to heal and strengthening the surrounding muscles.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – Golfer’s elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Konarski W, Poboży T, Poboży K, Domańska J, Konarska K. Current concepts of natural course and in management of medial epicondylitis: a clinical overview. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2023 Sep 9;15:84275. doi: 10.52965/001c.84275. PMID: 37701778; PMCID: PMC10495044.
Q.
Where Is the Pain Typically Located in Tennis Elbow?
A.
Tennis elbow pain typically occurs on the outer part of the elbow, where muscles and tendons attach near a bony bump called the lateral epicondyle. The discomfort may also extend down the forearm during hand or wrist movement.
References:
Foley AE. Tennis elbow. Am Fam Physician. 1993 Aug;48(2):281-8. PMID: 8342481.
Buchanan BK, Varacallo MA. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow). 2023 Aug 4. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 28613744.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Vaquero-Picado A, Barco R, Antuña SA. Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Mar 13;1(11):391-397. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000049. PMID: 28461918; PMCID: PMC5367546.
Q.
How Can I Prevent Inner Elbow Pain During Exercise?
A.
To prevent inner elbow pain during exercise, warm up thoroughly, stretch and strengthen your muscles, and maintain proper form to avoid overexertion.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – Golfer’s elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – Tennis elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Cain EL, Dugas JR, Andrews JR. Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete's Elbow. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):404-14. doi: 10.1177/1941738112455006. PMID: 23016113; PMCID: PMC3435939.
Q.
What Might Prevent Me From Extending My Elbow All the Way?
A.
Problems with fully straightening your elbow can be caused by stiffness from an injury, inflammation in the joint, or other causes.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Siemensma MF, van der Windt AE, van Es EM, Colaris JW, Eygendaal D. Management of the stiff elbow: a literature review. EFORT Open Rev. 2023 May 9;8(5):351-360. doi: 10.1530/EOR-23-0039. PMID: 37158372; PMCID: PMC10233805.
Zwerus EL, Willigenburg NW, Scholtes VA, Somford MP, Eygendaal D, van den Bekerom MP. Normative values and affecting factors for the elbow range of motion. Shoulder Elbow. 2019 Jun;11(3):215-224. doi: 10.1177/1758573217728711. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 31210794; PMCID: PMC6555111.
Q.
Why Does It Hurt When I Bend My Elbow?
A.
Elbow pain when bending can be caused by inflammation of the tendons on either side of the joint, nerve compression, or inflammation within the joint itself.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
What Could Cause My Elbow to Hurt Constantly?
A.
Chronic elbow pain can stem from several conditions, including overused tendons, joint impingement, or complications from previous injuries. A medical evaluation is recommended.
References:
David MA, Chamberlain AM, Lake SP. Preclinical Models of Elbow Injury and Pathology. Ann Jt. 2021 Jan;6:12. doi: 10.21037/aoj.2020.02.09. Epub 2021 Jan 15. PMID: 35990575; PMCID: PMC9390859.
Sidhu GS, Amanullah N, Kaur H, Pattnaik S, Ashwood N, Peter Dekker A, Selhi HS. Persistent lateral elbow pain from overlooked posterolateral impingement of the elbow: a literature review and guidance for treatment. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2024 Dec;27(4):487-495. doi: 10.5397/cise.2023.01081. Epub 2024 Aug 7. PMID: 39138941; PMCID: PMC11615467.
Hanson ZC, Stults WP, Lourie GM. Failed surgical treatment for lateral epicondylitis: literature review and treatment considerations for successful outcomes. JSES Rev Rep Tech. 2023 Aug 26;4(1):33-40. doi: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2023.07.006. PMID: 38323205; PMCID: PMC10840577.
Q.
What Are the Differences between a Broken Elbow and a Sprain?
A.
A broken elbow occurs when one of the elbow bones has a fracture or crack, while a sprain happens when the ligaments supporting the joint are stretched or torn.
References:
Saeed W, Waseem M. Elbow Fractures Overview. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Appelboam A, Reuben AD, Benger JR, Beech F, Dutson J, Haig S, Higginson I, Klein JA, Le Roux S, Saranga SS, Taylor R, Vickery J, Powell RJ, Lloyd G. Elbow extension test to rule out elbow fracture: multicentre, prospective validation and observational study of diagnostic accuracy in adults and children. BMJ. 2008 Dec 9;337:a2428. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2428. PMID: 19066257; PMCID: PMC2600962.
Sullivan CW, Herron T, Hayat Z. Olecranon Fracture. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537295/
Q.
What Could Be the Reason I Can't Bend My Elbow Without Pain?
A.
A stiff elbow—caused by injury or inflammation of the muscles, tendons, or the joint itself—may result in pain when bending your elbow.
References:
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Amin NH, Kumar NS, Schickendantz MS. Medial epicondylitis: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Jun;23(6):348-55. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00145. PMID: 26001427.
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
Q.
What Are Possible Reasons for My Elbows to Hurt All the Time?
A.
Elbow pain occurs for several reasons—including tendon problems (like tennis elbow), injuries, and joint wear and tear. Understanding the cause of your elbow pain helps determine the best treatment approach.
References:
Ahmad Z, Siddiqui N, Malik SS, Abdus-Samee M, Tytherleigh-Strong G, Rushton N. Lateral epicondylitis: a review of pathology and management. Bone Joint J. 2013 Sep;95-B(9):1158-64. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B9.29285. PMID: 23997125.
Welsh P. Tendon neuroplastic training for lateral elbow tendinopathy: 2 case reports. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Aug;62(2):98-104. PMID: 30305765; PMCID: PMC6173218.
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
What Could Be Causing My Elbow to Ache?
A.
Several conditions can cause elbow pain, including tendon inflammation, joint inflammation, or bursitis.
References:
Kane SF, Lynch JH, Taylor JC. Evaluation of elbow pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 15;89(8):649-57. PMID: 24784124.
Gerdesmeyer L, Lampe R, Göbel M, Henne M, Burgkart R. Differenzialdiagnosen beim Ellenbogenschmerz. Denken Sie nicht nur an den Tennisarm [Leading symptom elbow pain. Differential diagnosis]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2003 Sep 25;145(39):32-6. German. PMID: 14649070.
Reece CL, Li D, SUSMARSKI ADAMJ. Medial Epicondylitis. [Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Q.
Why Does My Elbow Hurt When I Extend and Bend It?
A.
Pain when bending and extending your elbow is often caused by irritated tendons (tendinopathy) or compressed nerves (nerve entrapment). These common conditions typically develop from repetitive movements or strain.
References:
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Naik AA, Bawa A, Arya A, Gulihar A. Nerve entrapment around elbow. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 27;19:209-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.031. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101539. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101539. PMID: 34150493; PMCID: PMC8190494.
Konarski W, Poboży T, Kotela A, Hordowicz M, Poboży K. Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Medial Epicondylalgia and Medial Elbow Pain-Imaging Findings and Narrative Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Aug 13;10(8):1529. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081529. PMID: 36011187; PMCID: PMC9407887.
Q.
What Might Prevent Me From Bending My Elbow Past 90 Degrees?
A.
Difficulty bending your elbow past 90 degrees often stems from joint stiffness caused by scar tissue formation, changes in the joint, or complications following an injury or surgery. These conditions can restrict normal movement and limit your elbow's range of motion.
References:
Verstuyft L, Caekebeke P, van Riet R. Postoperative rehabilitation in elbow surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jun 18;20:101479. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101479. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101538. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101538. PMID: 34262846; PMCID: PMC8254033.
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459268/
Q.
What Could Cause My Elbow to Hurt After Being Bent?
A.
Elbow pain after bending can be related to previous injury, arthritis, or other conditions causing inflammation.
References:
Liman MNP, Avva U, Ashurst JV, et al. Elbow Trauma. [Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
Pan BQ, Huang J, Ni JD, Yan MM, Xia Q. Multiple rare causes of post-traumatic elbow stiffness in an adolescent patient: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2019 May 26;7(10):1191-1199. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i10.1191. PMID: 31183352; PMCID: PMC6547331.
Layson J, Best BJ. Elbow Dislocation. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Q.
What Could Cause Pain in the Elbow When Twisting My Arm?
A.
Elbow pain while twisting your arm typically comes from overused tendons (as in tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow) or a pinched nerve. Either condition can cause discomfort during arm movement or rotation.
References:
Kazi F, Patil DS. Effects of the Tyler Twist Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Pain and Grip Strength in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):e46799. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46799. PMID: 37954758; PMCID: PMC10634653.
Booth SM, Abosala A, Peach C. Anterior Elbow Pain Caused by Compression of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Sep-Oct;7(5):63-66. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.898. PMID: 29242798; PMCID: PMC5728002.
InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
What Could Prevent Me From Bending My Elbow All the Way?
A.
Limited elbow movement can occur when the joint becomes stiff from previous injuries, scar tissue, or arthritis.
References:
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Filh GM, Galvão MV. POST-TRAUMATIC STIFFNESS OF THE ELBOW. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Nov 17;45(4):347-54. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30380-3. PMID: 27022563; PMCID: PMC4799099.
Q.
What Could Cause Outer Elbow Pain When Bending and Straightening the Arm?
A.
Outer elbow pain during arm movement is often caused by lateral epicondylitis—commonly known as tennis elbow. This condition occurs when the tendons on the outer elbow become strained or injured.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Walker-Bone K, Palmer KT, Reading I, Coggon D, Cooper C. Occupation and epicondylitis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):305-10. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker228. Epub 2011 Oct 22. PMID: 22019808; PMCID: PMC3427015.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
What Are Some Tips for Sleeping Comfortably with Elbow Pain?
A.
Using supportive pillows and adjusting your sleeping position can help relieve elbow pain at night. A few simple changes to how you sleep can reduce stress on your elbow, helping you rest more comfortably.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Lei JX, Yang PF, Yang AL, Gong YF, Shang P, Yuan XC. Ergonomic Consideration in Pillow Height Determinants and Evaluation. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Oct 7;9(10):1333. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9101333. PMID: 34683013; PMCID: PMC8544534.
Bateman M, Hill JC, Cooper K, Littlewood C, Saunders B. Lived experience of people with lateral elbow tendinopathy: a qualitative study from the OPTimisE pilot and feasibility trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 29;13(8):e072070. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072070. PMID: 37643850; PMCID: PMC10465899.
Q.
What Could Cause My Elbow to Hurt When I Lean on It?
A.
Elbow pain when leaning can be caused by swelling in a small, fluid-filled cushion called the bursa or by irritation from other soft tissue injuries.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/
Updated 2023 Jul 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554617/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554617/
Saito M, Kenmoku T, Kameyama K, Murata R, Yusa T, Ochiai N, Kijima T, Takahira N, Fukushima K, Ishige N, Takaso M. Relationship Between Tightness of the Hip Joint and Elbow Pain in Adolescent Baseball Players. Orthop J Sports Med. 2014 May 12;2(5):2325967114532424. doi: 10.1177/2325967114532424. PMID: 26535327; PMCID: PMC4555537.
Q.
What Could Cause Joint Pain in the Left Elbow?
A.
Left elbow pain commonly occurs due to tendon overuse (tendinopathy) and arthritis, though there are many other possible causes.
References:
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Zhou Y, Zhu L, Lin YX, Cheng HL. Charcot Elbow Joint as the Initial Symptom in Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015 Dec 20;128(24):3381-2. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.171466. PMID: 26668155; PMCID: PMC4797516.
Baimukhamedov C. Arthritis of the left elbow joint after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021 Sep;24(9):1218-1220. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14202. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34363344; PMCID: PMC8441889
Del Core MA, Koehler D. Elbow Arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2023 Jun;48(6):603-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.12.014. Epub 2023 Feb 8. PMID: 36759236.
Q.
Why Does My Elbow Hurt When I Extend It?
A.
Elbow pain during extension often occurs due to tendon stress or injury, typically caused by repetitive movements or overuse.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Zermansky AG. Clinical signs in elbow pain. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Dec;65(641):628. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687745. PMID: 26622013; PMCID: PMC4655713.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
What Could Be the Cause of Sharp Pain in the Left Elbow?
A.
Sharp pain in the left elbow can result from nerve compression (such as cubital tunnel syndrome), internal soft tissue injury, or trauma affecting the bones, tendons, or ligaments.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Barco R, Antuña SA. Medial elbow pain. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Aug 30;2(8):362-371. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006. PMID: 28932488; PMCID: PMC5590003.
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
Is It Possible to Sprain Your Elbow by Falling on It?
A.
Yes, you can sprain your elbow from a fall. While falls can cause various types of injuries, an elbow sprain specifically occurs when the ligaments around your elbow get stretched or torn.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470574/
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
Why Does My Elbow Hurt When Turning a Door Knob?
A.
Elbow pain when turning a doorknob most commonly occurs due to overuse and inflammation of the tendons around your elbow.
References:
Welsh P. Tendon neuroplastic training for lateral elbow tendinopathy: 2 case reports. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Aug;62(2):98-104. PMID: 30305765; PMCID: PMC6173218.
Lai WC, Erickson BJ, Mlynarek RA, Wang D. Chronic lateral epicondylitis: challenges and solutions. Open Access J Sports Med. 2018 Oct 30;9:243-251. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S160974. PMID: 30464656; PMCID: PMC6214594.
Pearce McCarty L 3rd. Approach to Medial Elbow Pain in the Throwing Athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019 Mar;12(1):30-40. doi: 10.1007/s12178-019-09534-w. PMID: 30739248; PMCID: PMC6388576.
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https://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i1391