Elbow Pain
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Try one of these related symptoms.
My elbow hurts
Can't bend or extend my elbow properly because it hurts
Elbow broken or sprained
Pain in left elbow
Pain in right elbow
Elbow aches all the time
Elbow joint pain
Bending the elbow causes pain
Elbow pain when trying to sleep
Elbow pain that gets worse when twisting cloth
Turning doorknob causes elbow pain
Elbow aches when straightening
About the Symptom
This refers to pain or discomfort arising from any part of the elbow joint. It can be aching, sharp, dull, or pressing in nature.
When to See a Doctor
Seek professional care if you experience any of the following symptoms
- Recent weight loss
- Numbness / sensory disorder
- Repeated fever above 38 ℃
- Swelling of the affected area
- Fever
Possible Causes
Generally, Elbow pain can be related to:
- Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a type of arthritis that occurs in children under 16 years old. It's a chronic condition characterized by joint pain and swelling that can last for months or years. It affects one or more joints for at least 6 weeks. JIA occurs when the body's immune system attacks its own tissues The cause of JIA is unknown.
- Sjogren Syndrome
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the organs that produce tears and saliva, resulting in dry eyes and dry mouth. In some cases, internal organs can also be gradually affected. Disease severity is highly variable.
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
Wear and tear of the joint cartilage over time. Risk factors include repetitive joint movements and carrying heavy loads for many years.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
- Adult Still's Disease
- Congenital Hemophilia
- Tenosynovitis
Related Serious Diseases
Sometimes, Elbow pain may be related to these serious diseases:
- Decompression Sickness
Decompression sickness (also called "the bends") refers to problems caused by a rapid decrease in surrounding pressure (either air or water). This causes gases to dangerously shift out of the bloodstream. It most commonly occurs during scuba diving when surfacing too quickly. Rarely, it can happen in airplanes, typically in military pilots traveling at high speeds through upper and lower atmosphere layers.
- Elbow Dislocation / Nursemaid's Elbow
- Rheumatic Fever
Doctor's Diagnostic Questions
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this symptom:
- Do you have pain in your elbow?
- Does the elbow hurt when sleeping?
- Does your elbow pain worsen when you bend or straighten it?
- Does elbow pain worsen when wringing a towel?
- Does elbow pain worsen when turning a doorknob?
Reviewed By:
Kent C Doan, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr Doan Graduated from the University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine and completed residency training in Orthopedic Surgery at the University of Colorado. He completed additional fellowship training in Orthopedic Sports Medicine at the prestigious Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute in Vail, Colorado. He is a practicing Orthopedic Surgeon who specializes in complex and revision knee and shoulder surgery at the Kansas City Orthopedic Institute. He also holds an assistant professorship at the University of Kansas City.
Tomohiro Hamahata, MD (Orthopedics)
Dr. Hamahata graduated from the Jikei University of Medical Science. After working at Asanokawa General Hospital and Kosei Chuo Hospital, he joined the Department of Orthopedics at Asakusa Hospital in April 2021, specializing in general orthopedics and joint replacement surgery.
Content updated on Jan 29, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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- I have pain in both elbows
- Opening a door with a doorknob causes elbow to hurt
- Can't wring cloth or clothes because my elbow hurts
- Sleeping is difficult because my elbow hurts
- Hurts to bend arm (elbow)
- I can't bend or straighten my arm because of pain
- Elbow pain that gets worse when wringing a towel
- Elbow hurts even more when turning a doorknob
- Elbow throbbing through the night
- I feel pain at my elbow
- Elbow pain gets worse when turning a doorknob
- Straightening the elbow makes the pain worse
- Can't turn a doorknob because of elbow pain
- Wringing a towel causes my elbow to hurt
- Bending the elbow makes the pain worse
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FAQs
Q.
How can I treat and prevent elbow tendon pain?
A.
Elbow tendon pain can be helped by resting the arm, using ice, and doing special exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles. A good routine can also help stop the pain from coming back.
References:
Ellenbecker TS, Nirschl R, Renstrom P. Current concepts in examination and treatment of elbow tendon injury. Sports Health. 2013 Mar;5(2):186-94. doi: 10.1177/1941738112464761. PMID: 24427389; PMCID: PMC3658379.
Day JM, Lucado AM, Uhl TL. A COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR TREATING LATERAL ELBOW TENDINOPATHY. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Sep;14(5):818-829. PMID: 31598419; PMCID: PMC6769266.
Speers CJ, Bhogal GS, Collins R. Lateral elbow tendinosis: a review of diagnosis and management in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 2018 Nov;68(676):548-549. doi: 10.3399/bjgp18X699725. PMID: 30361321; PMCID: PMC6193783.
Q.
What are common causes of pain on the inside of the elbow?
A.
Pain on the inside of the elbow is often caused by tendon overuse (medial epicondylitis) or irritation of nerves.
References:
Cesmebasi A, O'driscoll SW, Smith J, Skinner JA, Spinner RJ. The snapping medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. Clin Anat. 2015 Oct;28(7):872-7. doi: 10.1002/ca.22601. Epub 2015 Aug 9. PMID: 26212210.
Donaldson O, Vannet N, Gosens T, Kulkarni R. Tendinopathies Around the Elbow Part 2: Medial Elbow, Distal Biceps and Triceps Tendinopathies. Shoulder Elbow. 2014 Jan;6(1):47-56. doi: 10.1111/sae.12022. Epub 2013 Jun 10. PMID: 27582910; PMCID: PMC4986646
Pitzer ME, Seidenberg PH, Bader DA. Elbow tendinopathy. Med Clin North Am. 2014 Jul;98(4):833-49, xiii. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.04.002. Erratum in: Med Clin North Am. 2015 Jan;99(1):xix. PMID: 24994055.
Q.
What are possible reasons for my elbow joints to hurt?
A.
Elbow pain can happen for many reasons including injuries, overuse, inflammation, or arthritis. It might be caused by conditions like tennis elbow, golfer’s elbow, or joint wear from arthritis.
References:
Kandemir U, Fu FH, McMahon PJ. Elbow injuries. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002 Mar;14(2):160-7. doi: 10.1097/00002281-200203000-00013. PMID: 11845021.
Kane SF, Lynch JH, Taylor JC. Evaluation of elbow pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 15;89(8):649-57. PMID: 24784124.
Del Core MA, Koehler D. Elbow Arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2023 Jun;48(6):603-611. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2022.12.014. Epub 2023 Feb 8. PMID: 36759236.
Q.
What are the primary causes of elbow joint pain?
A.
Elbow joint pain is often caused by injuries from falls or repetitive movements and can also result from conditions like arthritis or tendon inflammation.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Obuchowicz R, Bonczar M. Ultrasonographic Differentiation of Lateral Elbow Pain. Ultrasound Int Open. 2016 May;2(2):E38-46. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1569455. PMID: 27689169; PMCID: PMC5026037.
Updated 2023 Jul 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK532948/
Q.
What can I do to alleviate elbow pain when sleeping?
A.
To ease elbow pain at night, try adjusting your sleep position and use supportive pillows to keep the elbow in a safe, comfortable position.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Ma KL, Wang HQ. Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Narrative Literature Review. Pain Res Manag. 2020 May 5;2020:6965381. doi: 10.1155/2020/6965381. PMID: 32454922; PMCID: PMC7222600.
Day JM, Lucado AM, Uhl TL. A COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION PROGRAM FOR TREATING LATERAL ELBOW TENDINOPATHY. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2019 Sep;14(5):818-829. PMID: 31598419; PMCID: PMC6769266.
Q.
What could cause elbow pain when bending and straightening the arm?
A.
The pain you feel when bending and straightening your arm might be caused by overuse injuries known as epicondylitis or by stiffness from previous injuries or surgeries.
References:
Walker-Bone K, Palmer KT, Reading I, Coggon D, Cooper C. Occupation and epicondylitis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):305-10. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker228. Epub 2011 Oct 22. PMID: 22019808; PMCID: PMC3427015.
Konarski W, Poboży T, Kotela A, Hordowicz M, Poboży K. Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Medial Epicondylalgia and Medial Elbow Pain-Imaging Findings and Narrative Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Aug 13;10(8):1529. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081529. PMID: 36011187; PMCID: PMC9407887.
He X, Fen Q, Yang J, Lei Y, Heng L, Zhang K. Risk Factors of Elbow Stiffness After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of the Terrible Triad of the Elbow Joint. Orthop Surg. 2021 Apr;13(2):530-536. doi: 10.1111/os.12879. Epub 2021 Feb 22. PMID: 33619861; PMCID: PMC7957406.
Q.
What could cause my elbow to ache at night?
A.
Elbow pain at night might happen from irritated tendons, nerve pressure, or awkward sleeping positions.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Barco R, Antuña SA. Medial elbow pain. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Aug 30;2(8):362-371. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006. PMID: 28932488; PMCID: PMC5590003.
Updated 2023 Aug 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534226/
Q.
What could cause pain in the elbow joint when twisting my arm?
A.
Elbow pain when twisting your arm might be caused by overuse or small injuries to the tendons around the elbow, such as medial or lateral epicondylitis. These conditions can occur when the muscles and tendons are strained from repetitive twisting or lifting movements.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Kazi F, Patil DS. Effects of the Tyler Twist Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Pain and Grip Strength in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):e46799. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46799. PMID: 37954758; PMCID: PMC10634653.
Q.
What might cause pain when straightening the elbow?
A.
Pain when straightening the elbow may be caused by joint inflammation, stiffness, or nerve compression. It can result from conditions like tendinitis, arthritis, scarring from previous injuries, or nerve problems such as cubital tunnel syndrome.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Q.
What might cause pain when twisting my elbow?
A.
Pain when twisting your elbow could be caused by strain or injury to the tendons where the muscles attach, such as what is seen in conditions like tennis elbow or golfer's elbow.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK557869/
Q.
What might prevent me from bending or straightening my elbow all the way?
A.
An injury to your elbow, like a fracture or dislocation, can cause scar tissue or extra bone growth that makes bending or straightening your elbow hard.
References:
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Pompilio da Silva M, Tamaoki MJS, Blumetti FC, Belloti JC, Smidt N, Buchbinder R. Electrotherapy modalities for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 6;2018(6):CD013041. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013041. PMCID: PMC6513600.
Q.
What should I do if my elbows hurt all the time?
A.
Most people with ongoing elbow pain can improve with rest, proper exercises, and sometimes medications like NSAIDs. It’s important to see a doctor to create a plan that fits your needs.
References:
Buchbinder R, Johnston RV, Barnsley L, Assendelft WJ, Bell SN, Smidt N. Surgery for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;2011(3):CD003525. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003525.pub2. PMID: 21412883; PMCID: PMC7154580.
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Taylor SA, Hannafin JA. Evaluation and management of elbow tendinopathy. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):384-93. doi: 10.1177/1941738112454651. PMID: 23016111; PMCID: PMC3435941.
Q.
What type of doctor should I see for persistent elbow pain?
A.
You may want to see either a sports medicine doctor or an orthopedic surgeon who specializes in elbow injuries. They can help examine your elbow, diagnose the cause of the pain, and suggest the best treatment options.
References:
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Ikonen J, Lähdeoja T, Ardern CL, Buchbinder R, Reito A, Karjalainen T. Persistent Tennis Elbow Symptoms Have Little Prognostic Value: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022 Apr 1;480(4):647-660. doi: 10.1097/CORR.0000000000002058. PMID: 34874323; PMCID: PMC8923574.
Sidhu GS, Amanullah N, Kaur H, Pattnaik S, Ashwood N, Peter Dekker A, Selhi HS. Persistent lateral elbow pain from overlooked posterolateral impingement of the elbow: a literature review and guidance for treatment. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2024 Dec;27(4):487-495. doi: 10.5397/cise.2023.01081. Epub 2024 Aug 7. PMID: 39138941; PMCID: PMC11615467.
Q.
Why do I experience elbow pain at night?
A.
Nighttime elbow pain may be due to lateral epicondylitis, sometimes called tennis elbow, which can worsen during sleep because of certain positions that put extra pressure on the elbow.
References:
Vaquero-Picado A, Barco R, Antuña SA. Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Mar 13;1(11):391-397. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000049. PMID: 28461918; PMCID: PMC5367546.
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Bateman M, Hill JC, Cooper K, Littlewood C, Saunders B. Lived experience of people with lateral elbow tendinopathy: a qualitative study from the OPTimisE pilot and feasibility trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 29;13(8):e072070. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072070. PMID: 37643850; PMCID: PMC10465899.
Q.
Why do I experience elbow pain when straightening my arm?
A.
Elbow pain when you straighten your arm can be due to tendon problems from overuse (like tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow) or nerve issues such as cubital tunnel syndrome. These conditions hurt the joints and muscles around the elbow, making movements painful.
References:
Cutts S, Gangoo S, Modi N, Pasapula C. Tennis elbow: A clinical review article. J Orthop. 2019 Aug 10;17:203-207. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.08.005. PMID: 31889742; PMCID: PMC6926298.
Kiel J, Kaiser K. Golfers Elbow. [Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519000/
Ma KL, Wang HQ. Management of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Narrative Literature Review. Pain Res Manag. 2020 May 5;2020:6965381. doi: 10.1155/2020/6965381. PMID: 32454922; PMCID: PMC7222600.
Q.
Why do I have pain in my elbow when twisting my wrist?
A.
The pain in your elbow when twisting your wrist might be from tendon overuse or slight injury to the muscles and tendons that support the elbow joint.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Taylor SA, Hannafin JA. Evaluation and management of elbow tendinopathy. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):384-93. doi: 10.1177/1941738112454651. PMID: 23016111; PMCID: PMC3435941.
Kazi F, Patil DS. Effects of the Tyler Twist Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Pain and Grip Strength in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):e46799. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46799. PMID: 37954758; PMCID: PMC10634653.
Q.
Why do my elbows hurt when I lift weights and how can I prevent it?
A.
Your elbow pain may come from overusing the muscles and tendons around your elbow during weightlifting. Using good technique, proper stretching, and strengthening exercises can help prevent the pain.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – Tennis elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
Reece CL, Li D, SUSMARSKI ADAMJ. Medial Epicondylitis. [Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
Why do my elbows hurt when I sleep with them bent?
A.
When you sleep with your elbows bent, it may put pressure on nerves like the ulnar nerve in your cubital tunnel, causing pain or numbness.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Naik AA, Bawa A, Arya A, Gulihar A. Nerve entrapment around elbow. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 27;19:209-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.031. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101539. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101539. PMID: 34150493; PMCID: PMC8190494.
Q.
Why does my elbow ache when it is bent?
A.
Your elbow may hurt when it is bent because something in the joint—like tendons, nerves or ligaments—could be strained or injured. This pain may come from overuse, a minor injury, or instability in the elbow joint.
References:
van Riet RP. Assessment and decision making in the unstable elbow: management of simple dislocations. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 Apr;9(2):136-143. doi: 10.1177/1758573216686533. Epub 2017 Jan 29. PMID: 28405226; PMCID: PMC5384540.
Keijsers R, de Vos RJ, Kuijer PPF, van den Bekerom MP, van der Woude HJ, Eygendaal D. Tennis elbow. Shoulder Elbow. 2019 Oct;11(5):384-392. doi: 10.1177/1758573218797973. Epub 2018 Sep 18. PMID: 31534489; PMCID: PMC673975
Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459250/
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt specifically when I bend it?
A.
Your elbow may hurt when you bend it because the tissues that support the joint (like tendons and ligaments) might be inflamed, strained, or injured.
References:
Layson J, Best BJ. Elbow Dislocation. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Ellenbecker TS, Nirschl R, Renstrom P. Current concepts in examination and treatment of elbow tendon injury. Sports Health. 2013 Mar;5(2):186-94. doi: 10.1177/1941738112464761. PMID: 24427389; PMCID: PMC3658379.
Natwa N, Zakaria A, Pujalte G. Unusual cause of elbow pain in a baseball pitcher. BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Jun 29;2018:bcr2018224287. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-224287. PMID: 29960959; PMCID: PMC6040557.
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when lifting weights?
A.
Elbow pain during weightlifting might happen because your elbow is working very hard or might be stressed by improper movements. This stress can lead to inflammation or small injuries in the tendons and ligaments around the joint.
References:
Golshani K, Cinque ME, O'Halloran P, Softness K, Keeling L, Macdonell JR. Upper extremity weightlifting injuries: Diagnosis and management. J Orthop. 2017 Nov 7;15(1):24-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2017.11.005. PMID: 29657436; PMCID: PMC5895929.
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Huang YP, Chou YL, Chen FC, Wang RT, Huang MJ, Chou PP. Elbow joint fatigue and bench-press training. J Athl Train. 2014 May-Jun;49(3):317-21. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.05. Epub 2014 Feb 17. PMID: 24533529; PMCID: PMC4080597.
Q.
How can I determine if my elbow is broken or sprained?
A.
Telling the difference between a broken and sprained elbow can be challenging since both injuries cause pain and swelling. However, a broken elbow is typically more painful and may have limited range of motion. To confirm the diagnosis, a doctor will perform an exam and order an X-ray.
References:
Wilps T, Kaufmann RA, Yamakawa S, Fowler JR. Elbow Biomechanics: Bony and Dynamic Stabilizers. J Hand Surg Am. 2020 Jun;45(6):528-535. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2020.01.016. Epub 2020 Apr 13. PMID: 32299691.
Saeed W, Waseem M. Elbow Fractures Overview. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Watts AC, Singh J, Elvey M, Hamoodi Z. Current concepts in elbow fracture dislocation. Shoulder Elbow. 2021 Aug;13(4):451-458. doi: 10.1177/1758573219884010. Epub 2019 Nov 13. PMID: 34394743; PMCID: PMC8355651.
Q.
How can I differentiate between an elbow sprain and a fracture?
A.
An elbow sprain affects the ligaments, while a fracture involves a broken bone. Sprains typically cause milder swelling and pain, whereas fractures often result in severe pain, noticeable swelling, and possible deformity. Doctors use X-rays to distinguish between the two conditions.
References:
Cohen-Rosenblum A, Bielski RJ. Elbow Pain After a Fall: Nursemaid's Elbow or Fracture? Pediatr Ann. 2016 Jun 1;45(6):e214-7. doi: 10.3928/00904481-20160506-01. PMID: 27294496.
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Q.
How can I manage the pain associated with tennis elbow?
A.
Tennis elbow pain can be managed with rest, ice, physical therapy, and, in some cases, steroid injections.
References:
Petrella RJ, Cogliano A, Decaria J, Mohamed N, Lee R. Management of Tennis Elbow with sodium hyaluronate periarticular injections. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 2010 Feb 2;2:4. doi: 10.1186/1758-2555-2-4. PMID: 20205851; PMCID: PMC2825499.
Uttamchandani SR, Phansopkar P. Conservative Management of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Review. Cureus. 2024 May 8;16(5):e59875. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59875. PMID: 38854316; PMCID: PMC11157989.
Page P. A new exercise for tennis elbow that works! N Am J Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Sep;5(3):189-93. PMID: 21589674; PMCID: PMC2971639.
Q.
How can I tell if my child's elbow is broken or sprained?
A.
A broken elbow causes severe pain, swelling, and sometimes a visible deformity. While a sprain also causes swelling and pain, it usually doesn't show any bone deformity. An X-ray ordered by a doctor can determine which injury has occurred.
References:
Crowther M. Elbow pain in pediatrics. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2009 Jun;2(2):83-7. doi: 10.1007/s12178-009-9049-4. Epub 2009 Mar 14. PMID: 19468873; PMCID: PMC2697336.
Appelboam A, Reuben AD, Benger JR, Beech F, Dutson J, Haig S, Higginson I, Klein JA, Le Roux S, Saranga SS, Taylor R, Vickery J, Powell RJ, Lloyd G. Elbow extension test to rule out elbow fracture: multicentre, prospective validation and observational study of diagnostic accuracy in adults and children. BMJ. 2008 Dec 9;337:a2428. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2428. PMID: 19066257; PMCID: PMC2600962.
Hope N, Varacallo MA. Supracondylar Humerus Fractures. [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560933/
Q.
What are common causes and treatments for inner elbow joint pain?
A.
Inner elbow pain commonly results from overuse or strain—often called golfer's elbow—and typically improves with rest, ice, exercises, and medication when needed.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Prabhakar G, Kanawade V, Ghali AN, Dutta AK, Brady CI, Morrey BF. Medial Elbow Pain Syndrome: Current Treatment Strategies. Orthopedics. 2023 Mar-Apr;46(2):e81-e88. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20220719-06. Epub 2022 Jul 25. PMID: 35876779.
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – The treatment options for golfer’s elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507001/
Q.
What are potential causes of constant elbow pain?
A.
Constant elbow pain can arise from overuse injuries, structural changes, or trauma affecting the elbow's muscles, tendons, and joint stability.
References:
Kane SF, Lynch JH, Taylor JC. Evaluation of elbow pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 15;89(8):649-57. PMID: 24784124.
Patiño JM, Corna AR, Michelini A, Abdon I, Ramos Vertiz AJ. Elbow Posterolateral Rotatory Instability due to Cubitus Varus and Overuse. Case Rep Orthop. 2018 Aug 5;2018:1491540. doi: 10.1155/2018/1491540. PMID: 30174974; PMCID: PMC6098894.
Jeon JY, Lee MH, Jeon IH, Chung HW, Lee SH, Shin MJ. Lateral epicondylitis: Associations of MR imaging and clinical assessments with treatment options in patients receiving conservative and arthroscopic managements. Eur Radiol. 2018 Mar;28(3):972-981. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5084-5. Epub 2017 Oct 12. PMID: 29027008.
Q.
What are some effective treatments for elbow joint pain?
A.
The mainstays of treatment for elbow pain are rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE), along with physical therapy and anti-inflammatory medications.
References:
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Ravalli S, Pulici C, Binetti S, Aglieco A, Vecchio M, Musumeci G. An Overview of the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Elbow Osteoarthritis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 May 29;4(2):30. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4020030. PMID: 33467345; PMCID: PMC7739329.
Q.
What are the symptoms of elbow nerve pain and how can it be treated?
A.
Elbow nerve pain causes tingling, numbness, and achiness in the elbow, forearm, and hand. Treatment typically begins with conservative methods like rest and splints, progressing to surgery only for severe cases.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 13]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534226/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534226/
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Celli A, De Crescenzo A, Abate B, Pederzini LA. Causes, symptoms, and treatments of nerve entrapments around the elbow: Current concepts. J ISAKOS. 2024 Apr;9(2):240-249. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2023.12.007. Epub 2023 Dec 29. PMID: 38159865.
Q.
What are the treatment options for elbow pain when bending and straightening?
A.
Doctors typically begin treating elbow pain during bending and straightening with conservative methods like rest, ice, physical therapy, and medication. When these treatments aren't sufficiently effective, more advanced options—such as injections or surgery may be recommended.
References:
Buchbinder R, Johnston RV, Barnsley L, Assendelft WJ, Bell SN, Smidt N. Surgery for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Mar 16;2011(3):CD003525. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003525.pub2. PMID: 21412883; PMCID: PMC7154580.
Zahn KV, Byerly DW. Medial Epicondyle Injection. [Updated 2023 Mar 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551506/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – The treatment options for tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507012/
Q.
What could be causing my elbow to ache all the time?
A.
Pain in the elbow commonly stems from tendon conditions, but muscle problems or joint issues might also be the cause.
References:
Kwapisz A, Prabhakar S, Compagnoni R, Sibilska A, Randelli P. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Elbow Pathologies: a Descriptive Review of Current Literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018 Dec;11(4):598-606. doi: 10.1007/s12178-018-9520-1. PMID: 30255288; PMCID: PMC6220004.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Pitzer ME, Seidenberg PH, Bader DA. Elbow tendinopathy. Med Clin North Am. 2014 Jul;98(4):833-49, xiii. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2014.04.002. Erratum in: Med Clin North Am. 2015 Jan;99(1):xix. PMID: 24994055.
Q.
What could be the cause of pain in the left elbow and forearm?
A.
Pain in the left elbow and forearm can be caused by tendon problems such as tennis elbow or nerve conditions like cubital tunnel syndrome.
References:
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Q.
What could be the underlying reasons for experiencing left elbow pain?
A.
Elbow pain can stem from various issues affecting the tendons, nerves, and joint itself.
References:
van Riet RP. Assessment and decision making in the unstable elbow: management of simple dislocations. Shoulder Elbow. 2017 Apr;9(2):136-143. doi: 10.1177/1758573216686533. Epub 2017 Jan 29. PMID: 28405226; PMCID: PMC5384540.
Mabvuure NT, Malahias M, Hindocha S, Khan W, Juma A. Acute compartment syndrome of the limbs: current concepts and management. Open Orthop J. 2012;6:535-43. doi: 10.2174/1874325001206010535. Epub 2012 Nov 30. PMID: 23248724; PMCID: PMC3522209.
Booth SM, Abosala A, Peach C. Anterior Elbow Pain Caused by Compression of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Sep-Oct;7(5):63-66. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.898. PMID: 29242798; PMCID: PMC5728002.
Q.
What could cause elbow pain when lifting and gripping objects?
A.
Elbow pain when lifting and gripping objects commonly results from overuse injuries.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Chourasia AO, Buhr KA, Rabago DP, Kijowski R, Irwin CB, Sesto ME. Effect of lateral epicondylosis on grip force development. J Hand Ther. 2012 Jan-Mar;25(1):27-36; quiz 37. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2011.09.003. Epub 2011 Dec 3. PMID: 22137195; PMCID: PMC3281279.
Curti S, Mattioli S, Bonfiglioli R, Farioli A, Violante FS. Elbow tendinopathy and occupational biomechanical overload: A systematic review with best-evidence synthesis. J Occup Health. 2021 Jan;63(1):e12186. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12186. PMID: 33534951; PMCID: PMC7857538.
Q.
What could cause pain in the elbow that radiates down to the wrist?
A.
Pain that radiates from the elbow to the wrist can be caused by overused muscles and tendons (such as tennis elbow) or by nerve conditions (such as radial tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, or median nerve injury).
References:
Updated 2023 Jun 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553109/
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Moradi A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Jupiter JB. Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2015 Jul;3(3):156-62. PMID: 26213698; PMCID: PMC4507067.
Q.
What could cause pain near the elbow when twisting my arm?
A.
Pain near the elbow during arm rotation is typically caused by tendon overuse (such as tennis elbow) or nerve irritation due to stretching or compression.
References:
Buchanan BK, Varacallo MA. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow) [Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Booth SM, Abosala A, Peach C. Anterior Elbow Pain Caused by Compression of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Sep-Oct;7(5):63-66. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.898. PMID: 29242798; PMCID: PMC5728002.
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
What could cause severe elbow pain when bending my arm?
A.
When bending your arm, severe elbow pain is most commonly caused by overuse injuries such as tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis), golfer's elbow (medial epicondylitis), or nerve compression from cubital tunnel syndrome.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Q.
What might cause a sharp pain in the elbow and how should it be addressed?
A.
Sharp elbow pain can stem from problems with tendons, muscles, nerves, or the joint itself. Treatment typically includes rest, ice application, and in some cases, physical therapy.
References:
Karabinov V, Georgiev GP. Lateral epicondylitis: New trends and challenges in treatment. World J Orthop. 2022 Apr 18;13(4):354-364. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i4.354. PMID: 35582153; PMCID: PMC9048498.
Kane SF, Lynch JH, Taylor JC. Evaluation of elbow pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 15;89(8):649-57. PMID: 24784124.
Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/
Q.
What might cause elbow pain during a twisting motion?
A.
Elbow pain during twisting motions commonly stems from overuse injuries, tendon inflammation, or nerve compression. These conditions typically improve with simple treatments.
References:
Kazi F, Patil DS. Effects of the Tyler Twist Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Pain and Grip Strength in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):e46799. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46799. PMID: 37954758; PMCID: PMC10634653.
Mitchell B, Whited L. Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Forearm Muscles. 2023 Jun 5. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 30725660.
Booth SM, Abosala A, Peach C. Anterior Elbow Pain Caused by Compression of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Sep-Oct;7(5):63-66. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.898. PMID: 29242798; PMCID: PMC5728002.
Q.
What might cause inner elbow pain when straightening my arm?
A.
Inner elbow pain when straightening your arm can occur from tendon overuse—as seen in golfer's elbow—or from nerve compression near the elbow.
References:
Naik AA, Bawa A, Arya A, Gulihar A. Nerve entrapment around elbow. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 27;19:209-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.031. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101539. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101539. PMID: 34150493; PMCID: PMC8190494.
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – The treatment options for golfer’s elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507001/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507001/
InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – Golfer’s elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
Q.
What might cause pain that extends from the elbow down into the hand?
A.
Pain extending from the elbow to the hand is typically caused by tendon or nerve problems. Common conditions include lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), median nerve injury, and radial tunnel syndrome.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Updated 2023 Jun 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553109/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553109/
Moradi A, Ebrahimzadeh MH, Jupiter JB. Radial Tunnel Syndrome, Diagnostic and Treatment Dilemma. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2015 Jul;3(3):156-62. PMID: 26213698; PMCID: PMC4507067.
Q.
What might cause pain when bending my elbow all the way?
A.
Pain when fully bending your elbow may be caused by conditions affecting the tendons, muscles, or nerves.
References:
Barco R, Antuña SA. Medial elbow pain. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Aug 30;2(8):362-371. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006. PMID: 28932488; PMCID: PMC5590003.
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
What should I do if my tennis elbow hurts all the time?
A.
Tennis elbow typically improves with rest and targeted rehabilitation exercises that reduce pain and build strength. Taking appropriate steps early can prevent additional injury and help manage discomfort long-term.
References:
Bisset L, Coombes B, Vicenzino B. Tennis elbow. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011 Jun 27;2011:1117. PMID: 21708051; PMCID: PMC3217754.
Loew LM, Brosseau L, Tugwell P, Wells GA, Welch V, Shea B, Poitras S, De Angelis G, Rahman P. Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Nov 8;2014(11):CD003528. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003528.pub2. PMID: 25380079; PMCID: PMC7154576.
Orchard J, Kountouris A. The management of tennis elbow. BMJ. 2011 May 10;342:d2687. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d2687. PMID: 21558359.
Q.
Why do I experience elbow pain when sleeping on my side?
A.
Sleeping on your side puts pressure on your elbow, which can irritate tendons and nerves and cause pain.
References:
Updated 2023 Jun 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519000/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519000/
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when gripping objects?
A.
Pain when gripping objects typically comes from inflamed or injured tendons in the elbow.
References:
Long L, Briscoe S, Cooper C, et al. What is the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of conservative interventions for tendinopathy? An overview of systematic reviews of clinical effectiveness and systematic review of economic evaluations. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2015 Jan. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 19.8.) Chapter 1, Background.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK269587/
Welsh P. Tendon neuroplastic training for lateral elbow tendinopathy: 2 case reports. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Aug;62(2):98-104. PMID: 30305765; PMCID: PMC6173218.
Kwapisz A, Prabhakar S, Compagnoni R, Sibilska A, Randelli P. Platelet-Rich Plasma for Elbow Pathologies: a Descriptive Review of Current Literature. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2018 Dec;11(4):598-606. doi: 10.1007/s12178-018-9520-1. PMID: 30255288; PMCID: PMC6220004.
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when I make a fist?
A.
When you make a fist, your elbow may hurt because the muscles and tendons in your forearm pull on it. If these tissues become strained or inflamed—as in medial epicondylitis—they can cause pain.
References:
Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Zermansky AG. Clinical signs in elbow pain. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Dec;65(641):628. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687745. PMID: 26622013; PMCID: PMC4655713.
Karbach LE, Elfar J. Elbow Instability: Anatomy, Biomechanics, Diagnostic Maneuvers, and Testing. J Hand Surg Am. 2017 Feb;42(2):118-126. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2016.11.025. PMID: 28160902; PMCID: PMC5821063.
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when I straighten my arm after sleeping?
A.
Pain when straightening your arm after sleeping often occurs from stiffness or nerve compression caused by your arm's position during sleep.
References:
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK547683/
Omejec G, Podnar S. What causes ulnar neuropathy at the elbow? Clin Neurophysiol. 2016 Jan;127(1):919-924. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.05.027. Epub 2015 Jun 17. PMID: 26093933.
Q.
How can I determine if my elbow injury is serious?
A.
A serious elbow injury may be indicated by severe pain, deformity, swelling, or limited arm movement. If you're uncertain about the severity of an injury, seek medical evaluation including X-rays.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Kandemir U, Fu FH, McMahon PJ. Elbow injuries. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2002 Mar;14(2):160-7. doi: 10.1097/00002281-200203000-00013. PMID: 11845021.
Breda G, De Marco G, Cesaraccio P, Pillastrini P. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests to rule out elbow fracture: a systematic review. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2023 Jun;26(2):182-190. doi: 10.5397/cise.2022.00948. Epub 2022 Aug 16. PMID: 35971600; PMCID: PMC10277706.
Q.
How can I prevent elbow pain while sleeping?
A.
Adjusting your sleep position and using pillows for elbow support can help reduce pain. Maintaining a neutral, relaxed elbow position is essential for sleeping comfortably.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Siemensma MF, van der Windt AE, van Es EM, Colaris JW, Eygendaal D. Management of the stiff elbow: a literature review. EFORT Open Rev. 2023 May 9;8(5):351-360. doi: 10.1530/EOR-23-0039. PMID: 37158372; PMCID: PMC10233805.
Sims SE, Miller K, Elfar JC, Hammert WC. Non-surgical treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Hand (N Y). 2014 Dec;9(4):419-46. doi: 10.1007/s11552-014-9642-x. PMID: 25414603; PMCID: PMC4235906.
Q.
How can I prevent inner elbow pain during exercise?
A.
To prevent inner elbow pain during exercise, warm up thoroughly, stretch and strengthen your muscles, and maintain proper form to avoid overexertion.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – Golfer’s elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – Tennis elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
Wilk KE, Macrina LC, Cain EL, Dugas JR, Andrews JR. Rehabilitation of the Overhead Athlete's Elbow. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):404-14. doi: 10.1177/1941738112455006. PMID: 23016113; PMCID: PMC3435939.
Q.
Is it possible to sprain your elbow by falling on it?
A.
Yes, you can sprain your elbow from a fall. While falls can cause various types of injuries, an elbow sprain specifically occurs when the ligaments around your elbow get stretched or torn.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Updated 2023 Jul 17]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470574/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470574/
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
What are effective methods to relieve elbow joint pain?
A.
Physiotherapy techniques—including stretching, strengthening, and massage—can help relieve elbow joint pain. Additional treatments may be needed depending on the underlying cause.
References:
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Martinez-Catalan N, Sanchez-Sotelo J. Primary Elbow Osteoarthritis: Evaluation and Management. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 9;19:67-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.002. PMID: 34099969; PMCID: PMC8165431.
Kruse KK, Papatheodorou LK, Weiser RW, Sotereanos DG. Release of the stiff elbow with mini-open technique. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2016 Mar;25(3):355-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2015.10.025. PMID: 26927431.
Q.
What are possible reasons for my elbows to hurt all the time?
A.
Elbow pain occurs for several reasons—including tendon problems (like tennis elbow), injuries, and joint wear and tear. Understanding the cause of your elbow pain helps determine the best treatment approach.
References:
Ahmad Z, Siddiqui N, Malik SS, Abdus-Samee M, Tytherleigh-Strong G, Rushton N. Lateral epicondylitis: a review of pathology and management. Bone Joint J. 2013 Sep;95-B(9):1158-64. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.95B9.29285. PMID: 23997125.
Welsh P. Tendon neuroplastic training for lateral elbow tendinopathy: 2 case reports. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Aug;62(2):98-104. PMID: 30305765; PMCID: PMC6173218.
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
What are some effective ways to fix inner elbow pain?
A.
Rest, gentle exercises, and medication can help relieve inner elbow pain by allowing your body to heal and strengthening the surrounding muscles.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Golfer's elbow: Learn More – Golfer’s elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507006/
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Konarski W, Poboży T, Poboży K, Domańska J, Konarska K. Current concepts of natural course and in management of medial epicondylitis: a clinical overview. Orthop Rev (Pavia). 2023 Sep 9;15:84275. doi: 10.52965/001c.84275. PMID: 37701778; PMCID: PMC10495044.
Q.
What are some tips for sleeping comfortably with elbow pain?
A.
Using supportive pillows and adjusting your sleeping position can help relieve elbow pain at night. A few simple changes to how you sleep can reduce stress on your elbow, helping you rest more comfortably.
References:
Gorski JM. Evaluation of Sleep Position for Possible Nightly Aggravation and Delay of Healing in Tennis Elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2019 Aug 2;3(8):e082. doi: 10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-19-00082. PMID: 31592507; PMCID: PMC6754212.
Lei JX, Yang PF, Yang AL, Gong YF, Shang P, Yuan XC. Ergonomic Consideration in Pillow Height Determinants and Evaluation. Healthcare (Basel). 2021 Oct 7;9(10):1333. doi: 10.3390/healthcare9101333. PMID: 34683013; PMCID: PMC8544534.
Bateman M, Hill JC, Cooper K, Littlewood C, Saunders B. Lived experience of people with lateral elbow tendinopathy: a qualitative study from the OPTimisE pilot and feasibility trial. BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 29;13(8):e072070. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072070. PMID: 37643850; PMCID: PMC10465899.
Q.
What are the differences between a broken elbow and a sprain?
A.
A broken elbow occurs when one of the elbow bones has a fracture or crack, while a sprain happens when the ligaments supporting the joint are stretched or torn.
References:
Saeed W, Waseem M. Elbow Fractures Overview. [Updated 2023 Aug 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441976/
Appelboam A, Reuben AD, Benger JR, Beech F, Dutson J, Haig S, Higginson I, Klein JA, Le Roux S, Saranga SS, Taylor R, Vickery J, Powell RJ, Lloyd G. Elbow extension test to rule out elbow fracture: multicentre, prospective validation and observational study of diagnostic accuracy in adults and children. BMJ. 2008 Dec 9;337:a2428. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2428. PMID: 19066257; PMCID: PMC2600962.
Sullivan CW, Herron T, Hayat Z. Olecranon Fracture. [Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537295/
Q.
What are the most effective treatments for chronic elbow pain?
A.
Doctors typically begin with conservative treatments—including rest, physical therapy, and anti-inflammatory medications—to manage chronic elbow pain. If these initial approaches prove inadequate, more advanced interventions like injections or surgery may be considered.
References:
Lai WC, Erickson BJ, Mlynarek RA, Wang D. Chronic lateral epicondylitis: challenges and solutions. Open Access J Sports Med. 2018 Oct 30;9:243-251. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S160974. PMID: 30464656; PMCID: PMC6214594
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – The treatment options for tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507012/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507012/
Uttamchandani SR, Phansopkar P. Conservative Management of Lateral Epicondylalgia: A Review. Cureus. 2024 May 8;16(5):e59875. doi: 10.7759/cureus.59875. PMID: 38854316; PMCID: PMC11157989.
Q.
What are the potential causes of elbow pain?
A.
Elbow pain occurs for various reasons, including problems with the tendons, muscles, and nerves surrounding the elbow.
References:
Gangatharam S. Anconeus syndrome: A potential cause for lateral elbow pain and its therapeutic management-A case report. J Hand Ther. 2021 Jan-Mar;34(1):131-134. doi: 10.1016/j.jht.2019.04.002. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31492479.
Rineer CA, Ruch DS. Elbow tendinopathy and tendon ruptures: epicondylitis, biceps and triceps ruptures. J Hand Surg Am. 2009 Mar;34(3):566-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.01.022. PMID: 19258160.
Johns N, Shridhar V. Lateral epicondylitis: Current concepts. Aust J Gen Pract. 2020 Nov;49(11):707-709. doi: 10.31128/AJGP-07-20-5519. PMID: 33123709.
Q.
What could be causing my elbow to ache?
A.
Several conditions can cause elbow pain, including tendon inflammation, joint inflammation, or bursitis.
References:
Kane SF, Lynch JH, Taylor JC. Evaluation of elbow pain in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2014 Apr 15;89(8):649-57. PMID: 24784124.
Gerdesmeyer L, Lampe R, Göbel M, Henne M, Burgkart R. Differenzialdiagnosen beim Ellenbogenschmerz. Denken Sie nicht nur an den Tennisarm [Leading symptom elbow pain. Differential diagnosis]. MMW Fortschr Med. 2003 Sep 25;145(39):32-6. German. PMID: 14649070.
Reece CL, Li D, SUSMARSKI ADAMJ. Medial Epicondylitis. [Updated 2024 May 2]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557869/
Q.
What could be the cause of sharp pain in the left elbow?
A.
Sharp pain in the left elbow can result from nerve compression (such as cubital tunnel syndrome), internal soft tissue injury, or trauma affecting the bones, tendons, or ligaments.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
Barco R, Antuña SA. Medial elbow pain. EFORT Open Rev. 2017 Aug 30;2(8):362-371. doi: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160006. PMID: 28932488; PMCID: PMC5590003.
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Q.
What could be the causes of pain in the right elbow?
A.
Right elbow pain is commonly related to overuse injuries and musculoskeletal problems. However, there are other causes to consider.
References:
Cohen M, da Rocha Motta Filho G. LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS OF THE ELBOW. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Dec 8;47(4):414-20. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30121-X. PMID: 27047843; PMCID: PMC4799438.
Jung SS, Lee MK, Lim SH, Kwon YM, Choi SS. Elbow pain proven to be tuberculous arthritis -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol. 2010 Feb;58(2):211-4. doi: 10.4097/kjae.2010.58.2.211. Epub 2010 Feb 28. PMID: 20498803; PMCID: PMC2872853.
Stasinopoulos D, Papadopoulou M. Is Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy an Appropriate Clinical Diagnostic Term When the Condition Is Persistent? J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 20;11(9):2290. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092290. PMID: 35566416; PMCID: PMC9103793.
Q.
What could be the reason I can't bend my elbow without pain?
A.
A stiff elbow—caused by injury or inflammation of the muscles, tendons, or the joint itself—may result in pain when bending your elbow.
References:
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Amin NH, Kumar NS, Schickendantz MS. Medial epicondylitis: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Jun;23(6):348-55. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00145. PMID: 26001427.
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
Q.
What could cause joint pain in the left elbow?
A.
Left elbow pain commonly occurs due to tendon overuse (tendinopathy) and arthritis, though there are many other possible causes.
References:
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Zhou Y, Zhu L, Lin YX, Cheng HL. Charcot Elbow Joint as the Initial Symptom in Chiari Malformation with Syringomyelia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2015 Dec 20;128(24):3381-2. doi: 10.4103/0366-6999.171466. PMID: 26668155; PMCID: PMC4797516.
Baimukhamedov C. Arthritis of the left elbow joint after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021 Sep;24(9):1218-1220. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14202. Epub 2021 Aug 6. PMID: 34363344; PMCID: PMC8441889
Q.
What could cause my elbow to hurt after being bent?
A.
Elbow pain after bending can be related to previous injury, arthritis, or other conditions causing inflammation.
References:
Liman MNP, Avva U, Ashurst JV, et al. Elbow Trauma. [Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Mittal R. Posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop. 2017 Jan-Feb;51(1):4-13. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.197514. PMID: 28216745; PMCID: PMC5296847.
Pan BQ, Huang J, Ni JD, Yan MM, Xia Q. Multiple rare causes of post-traumatic elbow stiffness in an adolescent patient: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases. 2019 May 26;7(10):1191-1199. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i10.1191. PMID: 31183352; PMCID: PMC6547331.
Q.
What could cause my elbow to hurt when I lean on it?
A.
Elbow pain when leaning can be caused by swelling in a small, fluid-filled cushion called the bursa or by irritation from other soft tissue injuries.
References:
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Updated 2023 Jun 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470291/
Updated 2023 Jul 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554617/
Q.
What could cause outer elbow pain when bending and straightening the arm?
A.
Outer elbow pain during arm movement is often caused by lateral epicondylitis—commonly known as tennis elbow. This condition occurs when the tendons on the outer elbow become strained or injured.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Walker-Bone K, Palmer KT, Reading I, Coggon D, Cooper C. Occupation and epicondylitis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Feb;51(2):305-10. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker228. Epub 2011 Oct 22. PMID: 22019808; PMCID: PMC3427015.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
What could cause pain in the elbow when twisting my arm?
A.
Elbow pain while twisting your arm typically comes from overused tendons (as in tennis elbow or golfer’s elbow) or a pinched nerve. Either condition can cause discomfort during arm movement or rotation.
References:
Kazi F, Patil DS. Effects of the Tyler Twist Technique Versus Active Release Technique on Pain and Grip Strength in Patients With Lateral Epicondylitis. Cureus. 2023 Oct 10;15(10):e46799. doi: 10.7759/cureus.46799. PMID: 37954758; PMCID: PMC10634653.
Booth SM, Abosala A, Peach C. Anterior Elbow Pain Caused by Compression of the Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve. J Orthop Case Rep. 2017 Sep-Oct;7(5):63-66. doi: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.898. PMID: 29242798; PMCID: PMC5728002.
InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
What could prevent me from bending my elbow all the way?
A.
Limited elbow movement can occur when the joint becomes stiff from previous injuries, scar tissue, or arthritis.
References:
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Javed M, Mustafa S, Boyle S, Scott F. Elbow pain: a guide to assessment and management in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Nov;65(640):610-2. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687625. PMID: 26500317; PMCID: PMC4617264.
Filh GM, Galvão MV. POST-TRAUMATIC STIFFNESS OF THE ELBOW. Rev Bras Ortop. 2015 Nov 17;45(4):347-54. doi: 10.1016/S2255-4971(15)30380-3. PMID: 27022563; PMCID: PMC4799099.
Q.
What exercises can help alleviate elbow pain?
A.
Exercises like isometric holds, eccentric strengthening, and gentle stretching can help ease elbow pain but specific recommendations require evaluation by a physical therapist.
References:
Wallis JA, Bourne AM, Jessup RL, Johnston RV, Frydman A, Cyril S, Buchbinder R. Manual therapy and exercise for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 28;5(5):CD013042. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013042.pub2. PMID: 38802121; PMCID: PMC11129914.
Stasinopoulos D. Isometric Exercise for the Management of Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy. J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 22;12(1):94. doi: 10.3390/jcm12010094. PMID: 36614894; PMCID: PMC9820871.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Q.
What methods can relieve elbow pain from lifting heavy objects?
A.
Taking a break from heavy lifting while performing gentle exercises can help relieve elbow pain. Simple stretches, strengthening exercises, and proper lifting techniques reduce discomfort and build elbow strength.
References:
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Tennis elbow: Learn More – Tennis elbow: Strengthening and stretching exercises. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506995/
Karabinov V, Georgiev GP. Lateral epicondylitis: New trends and challenges in treatment. World J Orthop. 2022 Apr 18;13(4):354-364. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i4.354. PMID: 35582153; PMCID: PMC9048498.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Q.
What might prevent me from bending my elbow past 90 degrees?
A.
Difficulty bending your elbow past 90 degrees often stems from joint stiffness caused by scar tissue formation, changes in the joint, or complications following an injury or surgery. These conditions can restrict normal movement and limit your elbow's range of motion.
References:
Verstuyft L, Caekebeke P, van Riet R. Postoperative rehabilitation in elbow surgery. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jun 18;20:101479. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101479. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101538. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101538. PMID: 34262846; PMCID: PMC8254033.
Nandi S, Maschke S, Evans PJ, Lawton JN. The stiff elbow. Hand (N Y). 2009 Dec;4(4):368-79. doi: 10.1007/s11552-009-9181-z. Epub 2009 Apr 7. PMID: 19350328; PMCID: PMC2787214.
Updated 2023 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459268/
Q.
What might prevent me from extending my elbow all the way?
A.
Problems with fully straightening your elbow can be caused by stiffness from an injury, inflammation in the joint, or other causes.
References:
Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Siemensma MF, van der Windt AE, van Es EM, Colaris JW, Eygendaal D. Management of the stiff elbow: a literature review. EFORT Open Rev. 2023 May 9;8(5):351-360. doi: 10.1530/EOR-23-0039. PMID: 37158372; PMCID: PMC10233805.
Zwerus EL, Willigenburg NW, Scholtes VA, Somford MP, Eygendaal D, van den Bekerom MP. Normative values and affecting factors for the elbow range of motion. Shoulder Elbow. 2019 Jun;11(3):215-224. doi: 10.1177/1758573217728711. Epub 2017 Sep 11. PMID: 31210794; PMCID: PMC6555111.
Q.
What should I do if I've had elbow pain for months?
A.
If you have elbow pain that persists for months, see a doctor to identify the cause and develop a treatment plan, which may include rest, medication, and targeted exercises.
References:
Pattanittum P, Turner T, Green S, Buchbinder R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for treating lateral elbow pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 May 31;2013(5):CD003686. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003686.pub2. PMID: 23728646; PMCID: PMC7173751.
Lin KM, Ellenbecker TS, Safran MR. Rehabilitation and Return to Sport Following Elbow Injuries. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 5;4(3):e1245-e1251. doi: 10.1016/j.asmr.2022.01.012. PMID: 35747663; PMCID: PMC9210377.
Karjalainen TV, Ponkilainen V, Chong A, Johnston RV, Le TLA, Lähdeoja TA, Buchbinder R. Glucocorticoid injections for lateral elbow pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 6;2022(9):CD001978. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001978.pub2. PMCID: PMC9446381.
Q.
What should I do if my elbow popped and now it hurts?
A.
If your elbow pops and starts hurting, stop using it and rest. If you notice severe pain, swelling, or difficulty moving it, see a doctor right away.
References:
Updated 2024 Apr 19]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542228/
Layson J, Best BJ. Elbow Dislocation. [Updated 2023 Jul 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549817/
Bjerre JJ, Johannsen FE, Rathcke M, Krogsgaard MR. Snapping elbow-A guide to diagnosis and treatment. World J Orthop. 2018 Apr 18;9(4):65-71. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v9.i4.65. PMID: 29686971; PMCID: PMC5908985.
Q.
What steps should I take when my elbow hurts persistently?
A.
If your elbow hurts persistently, it's important to have a doctor examine it. Treatment typically includes rest, ice therapy, gentle exercises, and — based on your doctor's recommendation — physical therapy.
References:
Taylor SA, Hannafin JA. Evaluation and management of elbow tendinopathy. Sports Health. 2012 Sep;4(5):384-93. doi: 10.1177/1941738112454651. PMID: 23016111; PMCID: PMC3435941.
Amin NH, Kumar NS, Schickendantz MS. Medial epicondylitis: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Jun;23(6):348-55. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00145. PMID: 26001427.
Pathan AF, Sharath HV. A Review of Physiotherapy Techniques Used in the Treatment of Tennis Elbow. Cureus. 2023 Oct 26;15(10):e47706. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47706. PMID: 38021828; PMCID: PMC10674892.
Q.
Where is the pain typically located in tennis elbow?
A.
Tennis elbow pain typically occurs on the outer part of the elbow, where muscles and tendons attach near a bony bump called the lateral epicondyle. The discomfort may also extend down the forearm during hand or wrist movement.
References:
Foley AE. Tennis elbow. Am Fam Physician. 1993 Aug;48(2):281-8. PMID: 8342481.
Buchanan BK, Varacallo MA. Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow). 2023 Aug 4. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan–. PMID: 28613744.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
Why does it hurt when I bend my elbow?
A.
Elbow pain when bending can be caused by inflammation of the tendons on either side of the joint, nerve compression, or inflammation within the joint itself.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538259/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Tennis elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK506998/
InformedHealth.org](http://informedhealth.org/) [Internet]. Cologne, Germany: Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG); 2006-. Overview: Golfer's elbow. [Updated 2022 Jul 15]. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507002/
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when I extend and bend it?
A.
Pain when bending and extending your elbow is often caused by irritated tendons (tendinopathy) or compressed nerves (nerve entrapment). These common conditions typically develop from repetitive movements or strain.
References:
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Naik AA, Bawa A, Arya A, Gulihar A. Nerve entrapment around elbow. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 27;19:209-215. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.031. Erratum in: J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 Jul 30;20:101539. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101539. PMID: 34150493; PMCID: PMC8190494.
Konarski W, Poboży T, Kotela A, Hordowicz M, Poboży K. Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Medial Epicondylalgia and Medial Elbow Pain-Imaging Findings and Narrative Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Aug 13;10(8):1529. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081529. PMID: 36011187; PMCID: PMC9407887.
Q.
Why Does My Elbow Hurt When I Extend It?
A.
Elbow pain during extension often occurs due to tendon stress or injury, typically caused by repetitive movements or overuse.
References:
Updated 2023 Aug 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431092/
Zermansky AG. Clinical signs in elbow pain. Br J Gen Pract. 2015 Dec;65(641):628. doi: 10.3399/bjgp15X687745. PMID: 26622013; PMCID: PMC4655713.
Kheiran A, Pandey A, Pandey R. Common tendinopathies around the elbow; what does current evidence say? J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021 May 21;19:216-223. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2021.05.021. PMID: 34150494; PMCID: PMC8190485.
Q.
Why does my elbow hurt when turning a door knob?
A.
Elbow pain when turning a doorknob most commonly occurs due to overuse and inflammation of the tendons around your elbow.
References:
Welsh P. Tendon neuroplastic training for lateral elbow tendinopathy: 2 case reports. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2018 Aug;62(2):98-104. PMID: 30305765; PMCID: PMC6173218.
Lai WC, Erickson BJ, Mlynarek RA, Wang D. Chronic lateral epicondylitis: challenges and solutions. Open Access J Sports Med. 2018 Oct 30;9:243-251. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S160974. PMID: 30464656; PMCID: PMC6214594.
Pearce McCarty L 3rd. Approach to Medial Elbow Pain in the Throwing Athlete. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2019 Mar;12(1):30-40. doi: 10.1007/s12178-019-09534-w. PMID: 30739248; PMCID: PMC6388576.
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