How Can I Differentiate between an Elbow Sprain and a Fracture?

It can be difficult to tell whether an elbow injury is a sprain (damaged ligaments that hold bones together) or a fracture (broken bone). With a sprain, you'll typically experience mild to moderate pain and some swelling, while the elbow maintains its normal shape. You may still have limited movement, though it will likely be painful. In contrast, a fracture usually causes intense pain and significant swelling. The elbow may appear deformed, and movement is often extremely painful or impossible. Since symptoms and physical exam findings can be unreliable, doctors typically order an X-ray to confirm whether there's a broken bone and determine the appropriate treatment. If you or someone else injures an elbow in a fall, it's essential to see a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.