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Published on: 8/20/2026
What are the risk factors and causes of testicular cancer?
Testicular cancer risk factors include having an undescended testicle (cryptorchidism), a family or personal history of testicular cancer, age (most common in men 15–35), being white, HIV infection, and certain genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome.
If you've noticed a lump, swelling, or discomfort—or you have one or more of the risk factors above—don't wait and worry. Early detection dramatically improves outcomes, and understanding your symptoms is the first step toward peace of mind or timely care. Take a free, instant, online symptom check to clarify what your symptoms may mean and get clear guidance on your next steps.
Reviewed for medical accuracy: 07/15/2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Concerned about your symptoms?
Explanation
Testicular cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system. Several factors can increase the risk of developing testicular cancer.
Risk Factors:
- Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism): This is when one or both testicles do not move down into the scrotum before birth. It is a significant risk factor.
- Family History: Having a father or brother who had testicular cancer increases risk.
- Genetic Factors: Certain genetic conditions can also increase risk.
Other factors that have been studied include physical activity and medical history, but the evidence is less clear. If you're experiencing any concerning symptoms or want to better understand your risk, you can use our free symptom checker before talking to a healthcare provider about testicular cancer risk.
(References)
Cheng L, Albers P, Berney DM, Feldman DR, Daugaard G, Gilligan T, & Looijenga LHJ. (2018). Testicular cancer. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 30291251.
Gallagher RP, Huchcroft S, Phillips N, Hill GB, Coldman AJ, Coppin C, & Lee T. (1995). Physical activity, medical history, and risk of testicular .... Cancer causes & control : CCC, 8547537.
Swerdlow AJ, De Stavola BL, Swanwick MA, Mangtani P, & Maconochie NE. (1999). Risk factors for testicular cancer: a case-control study in twins. British journal of cancer, 10362123.
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