Aortic Stenosis (AS) Quiz
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Blacking out
Shortness of breath
Fatigued
Fatigue
Difficulty breathing
Blackout for a second
Hard to breathe
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Aortic Stenosis (AS)?
In aortic stenosis, the valve in a major blood artery branching off the heart (the aorta) is narrowed. This prevents the valve from fully opening and leads to decreased blood flow out of the heart. As a result, the heart has to work harder to get the same amount of blood out. Two things end up happening: the heart eventually starts to fail or you develop symptoms like chest pain, dizziness or feeling like you will pass out because not enough blood is getting to your brain. The main cause is the accumulation of calcium deposits in the valve which increases with age.
Typical Symptoms of Aortic Stenosis (AS)
- Fainting
- Wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing
- Breathing is harder when lying down, improves when sitting up
- Waking up at night struggling to breathe
- History of heart murmur
- Left-sided chest pain
- History of heart failure
- Difficulty breathing
Diagnostic Questions for Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Have you fainted recently?
- Do you experience wheezing or whistling sounds when breathing?
- Does your breathing improve when you sit up from lying down?
- Do you wake up at night struggling to breathe?
- Have you been diagnosed with heart murmur?
Treatment of Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Mild to moderate cases that do not have symptoms usually do not require treatment, rather ongoing monitoring of the stenosis. Severe aortic stenosis requires replacement of the valve.
Reviewed By:
Kenji Taylor, MD, MSc (Family Medicine, Primary Care)
Dr. Taylor is a Japanese-African American physician who grew up and was educated in the United States but spent a considerable amount of time in Japan as a college student, working professional and now father of three. After graduating from Brown, he worked in finance first before attending medical school at Penn. He then completed a fellowship with the Centers for Disease Control before going on to specialize in Family and Community Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) where he was also a chief resident. After a faculty position at Stanford, he moved with his family to Japan where he continues to see families on a military base outside of Tokyo, teach Japanese residents and serve remotely as a medical director for Roots Community Health Center. He also enjoys editing and writing podcast summaries for Hippo Education.
Tatsuya Shiraishi, MD (Cardiology)
Dr. Shiraishi graduated from the Kyoto University School of Medicine. He worked as a cardiologist at Edogawa Hospital, and after joining Ubie, he became the Director of East Nihonbashi Internal Medicine Clinic.
Content updated on Apr 4, 2024
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- Whistling when I breathe
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- Loud breathing
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- Chest pain with fainting
- Stridor
- Feeling faint before losing consciousness
- Confused or drowsy for a while after recovering consciousness
- Fainting when tired
- Fainted but retained the ability to recall fainting
- Feeling skin warmth or "hot flashes" before fainting
See full list
Symptoms Related to Aortic Stenosis (AS)
Diseases Related to Aortic Stenosis (AS)
FAQs
Q.
Short of Breath? Why Your Aortic Valve is Narrowing + Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Shortness of breath can be a key warning sign of aortic stenosis, a narrowing of the aortic valve that forces the heart to work harder and can become life threatening once symptoms appear, especially in adults over 65; doctors often hear a murmur on exam and confirm the diagnosis and severity with an echocardiogram. Do not wait, schedule a prompt evaluation, track your symptoms, ask about an echocardiogram, and know that severe cases are treated with valve replacement by TAVR or surgery, while chest pain, fainting, or severe breathlessness require emergency care. There are several factors to consider; see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, Carabello BS, Erwin JP 3rd, Jneid F, Lee RJ, Mack MJ, Malenka JA, Rodriguez F, Woo YJ, Zimmerman KG, Barrett C, Boyle A, Burke LE, Fanning R, Fraser S, Hewitt M, Palazzini E. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-e227. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000932. Epub 2020 Dec 17. PMID: 33325642.
* Mylotte D, Pibarot P, Otto CM. Aortic Stenosis: Clinical Recognition and Management. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Mar 9;77(10):1345-1361. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.062. PMID: 33678385.
* Nishimura RA, Otto CM. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Review. JAMA. 2020 Aug 11;324(6):592-604. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10705. PMID: 32780709.
* Généreux P, Pibarot P, Redfors B, Hahn RT, Bax JJ, Leipsic J, Kodali SK, Leon MB. Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Circ Res. 2020 Jul 3;127(2):299-311. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316821. PMID: 32614132.
* Baumgartner H, Falk V, Bax JJ, De Backer E, Hamm C, Prescott E, Pibarot P. Risk Stratification in Aortic Stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Mar 9;77(10):1321-1335. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.12.060. PMID: 33678383.
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Ubie’s symptom checker demonstrated a Top-10 hit accuracy of 71.6%, surpassing the performance of several leading symptom checkers in the market, which averaged around 60% accuracy in similar assessments.
Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
Joseph J, Naqvi SY, Giri J, Goldberg S. Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Am J Med. 2017 Mar;130(3):253-263. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.10.005. Epub 2016 Nov 1. PMID: 27810479.
https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(16)31073-7/fulltextRoss J Jr, Braunwald E. Aortic stenosis. Circulation. 1968 Jul;38(1 Suppl):61-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.38.1s5.v-61. PMID: 4894151.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.38.1S5.V-61Marquis-Gravel G, Redfors B, Leon MB, Généreux P. Medical Treatment of Aortic Stenosis. Circulation. 2016 Nov 29;134(22):1766-1784. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023997. PMID: 27895025.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.023997Zheng KH, Tzolos E, Dweck MR. Pathophysiology of Aortic Stenosis and Future Perspectives for Medical Therapy. Cardiol Clin. 2020 Feb;38(1):1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2019.09.010. Epub 2019 Nov 1. PMID: 31753168.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0733865119300888?via%3Dihub