Adjustment Disorder Quiz
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Insomnia
Can't sleep
Lack of motivation
Feeling sad
Nervousness
Feeling anxious
Short temper
Psychosocial stressors
Easily distracted
Low mood
Difficulty concentrating
Difficulty gathering thoughts
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
What is Adjustment Disorder?
A psychological disorder, often with low mood and anxiety. It is triggered by a sudden change in life circumstances, e.g. divorce or losing a job.
Typical Symptoms of Adjustment Disorder
- Stressed over daily life
- Recent changes in mental state
- Fatigue or low energy that is worse in the morning
- Decreased motivation
- Difficulty concentrating
- Personality change
- Pain at the back of the head
- Tremors of hands and body
Diagnostic Questions for Adjustment Disorder
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
- Do you feel stressed or unhappy about going to work or school?
- Recently, are you more confused than before?
- Do you experience fatigue or low energy that is worse in the morning?
- Have you been experiencing decreased motivation recently?
- Do you have difficulty concentrating?
Treatment of Adjustment Disorder
Symptoms improve when the event causing stress is over. Therapy such as counseling and learning stress management strategies is useful. Medication is rarely required.
Reviewed By:
Weston S. Ferrer, MD (Psychiatry)
Weston Ferrer is a physician leader, psychiatrist, and clinical informaticist based in San Francisco. With nearly a decade of experience in academia and more recent immersion in industry, he has made significant contributions to the fields of digital health, health tech, and healthcare innovation. | As an Associate Professor at UCSF, Weston was involved in teaching, leadership, and clinical practice, focusing on the intersection of technology and mental health. He recently led mental health clinical for Verily (formerly Google Life Sciences), where he applied his expertise to develop innovative solutions for mental healthcare using the tools of AI/ML, digital therapeutics, clinical analytics, and more.. | Weston is known for his unique ability to innovate and support product development while bringing pragmatism to technology entrepreneurship. He is a strong advocate for patient-centered care and is committed to leveraging technology to improve the health and well-being of individuals and communities. |
Yu Shirai, MD (Psychiatry)
Dr. Shirai works at the Yotsuya Yui Clinic for mental health treatment for English and Portuguese-speaking patients. He treats a wide range of patients from neurodevelopmental disorders to dementia in children and participates in knowledge sharing through the Diversity Clinic.
Content updated on Jan 14, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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People with similar symptoms also use Ubie's symptom checker to find possible causes
- Confusion
- Change in mental status
- Can't focus
- Appears dazed
- Feeling less ambitious nowadays
- Doesn't know the time
- Doesn't know where he/she is
- Fewer creative urges nowadays
- Doesn't know who he/she is
- I can not concentrate on my work
- Unable to sit for a long time
- My brain is not functioning
- Less willpower to do things
- Making careless mistakes
- I can't continue one thing
See full list
User Testimonials for Adjustment Disorder
Female, Teens
Ubie helped me with understanding my mental health symptoms and feelings, by providing me with great results. It made me feel less worried and anxious about what else my symptoms could mean. I would definitely use this service in the future and recommend this to a family member, friend or co-worker.
(May 1, 2025)
Symptoms Related to Adjustment Disorder
Diseases Related to Adjustment Disorder
FAQs
Q.
Can’t Name Your Feelings? The Science of Alexithymia & Medical Next Steps
A.
Alexithymia is a well-studied trait where people struggle to identify and put words to feelings, often noticing physical sensations instead; it is not a diagnosis, affects about 10% to varying degrees, and frequently co-occurs with depression, anxiety, PTSD, autism, substance use, eating disorders, and chronic illness. Next steps can include seeing a clinician if numbness, anxiety, or unexplained physical symptoms persist, getting evaluated with questionnaires while ruling out medical causes, and using therapies and skills such as CBT, mindfulness, emotion-focused or trauma-informed care, feelings lists, body-sensation tracking, and journaling; there are several factors to consider, and important nuances, safety guidance, and an Adjustment Disorder screen appear below.
References:
* Aaron T. Alexithymia: Recent advances in theory, measurement, and treatment. Depress Anxiety. 2021 Sep;38(9):894-910. doi: 10.1002/da.23190. Epub 2021 May 29. PMID: 34057041.
* Siffrin V, Leppert T, Pöhlchen D, Löffler L, Stiefelhagen L, Zettl A, Diefenbacher A, Dziobek I. Interventions for alexithymia: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Apr;147:105128. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105128. Epub 2023 Feb 18. PMID: 36806950.
* Brewer R, Cook R, Bird G. Alexithymia: a transdiagnostic feature of medical disorders. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2016 Jan;110(1):E1-26. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000049. Epub 2015 Sep 21. PMID: 26390161.
* Taylor GJ. Alexithymia and its clinical implications: Where do we stand? Compr Psychiatry. 2018 Oct;86:95-101. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.07.009. Epub 2018 Jul 11. PMID: 30048995.
* Li S, Han C, Jia T, Shu J, Liang J. The neurobiology of alexithymia: A literature review. Psychiatry Res. 2018 Dec;270:860-867. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.012. Epub 2018 Nov 13. PMID: 30453000.
Q.
Exhausted? Why Your Child is Defiant & Medically Approved ODD Next Steps
A.
Exhausted by constant arguing, refusal, and angry outbursts? When defiance is frequent, intense, and lasts at least 6 months across settings, it may be oppositional defiant disorder, a treatable condition that often coexists with ADHD, anxiety, or stress; there are several factors to consider, and you can see below to understand more. Medically approved next steps include starting with your pediatrician for screening and referral, getting a professional evaluation, beginning parent management training as first-line, adding CBT and school supports, considering medication only for coexisting conditions, and seeking immediate care for safety risks, with more details and at-home strategies outlined below.
References:
* Li Y, Sun H, Wang X, Wang Y. Sleep problems and oppositional defiant disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review. J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Jul;139:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.045. Epub 2021 Apr 28. PMID: 34213348.
* Skandola C, Dadds MR. Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A review of interventions. J Pers Med. 2019 Jul 22;9(3):36. doi: 10.3390/jpm9030036. PMID: 31336490.
* Paavonen EJ, Raikkonen E, Sandman N. Sleep disturbances and internalizing/externalizing behaviors in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev. 2020 Dec;54:101344. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101344. Epub 2020 May 13. PMID: 32419409.
* Burke JD, Loeber R, Lahey BB. Oppositional Defiant Disorder: A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2013 Oct;22(4):753-763. doi: 10.1016/j.chc.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Oct 29. PMID: 26511116.
* Skelton M, Levesque ML, Foulds P, De Foe A. Parent management training for oppositional defiant disorder: A meta-analysis. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2022 Dec;63(12):1426-1440. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13626. Epub 2022 May 4. PMID: 35515234.
Q.
Is it BPD? Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms & Medical Next Steps
A.
BPD is a treatable mental health condition marked by persistent patterns of intense emotions, unstable relationships, rapid mood shifts, impulsive behaviors, and sometimes self-harm, but these symptoms overlap with depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, substance use, and stress-related disorders, so only a professional evaluation can confirm it. There are several factors to consider for your next steps, from tracking triggers and talking with a clinician to exploring evidence-based care like DBT and knowing when to seek urgent help for self-harm or suicidal thoughts; see below for key symptoms, alternative explanations, and step-by-step guidance that could change what you do next.
References:
* Leichsenring, F., Lieb, K., Yank, M., & Biskup, I. (2022). Borderline personality disorder: a current concept. *Nature Reviews Disease Primers*, *8*(1), 16. doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00346-6
* Chanen, A. M., & McCutcheon, L. (2020). Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: a review and update. *Current Opinion in Psychiatry*, *33*(1), 108–112. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000562
* Storebø, O. J., Stoffers, J., Völlm, B. A., & Lieb, K. (2019). Pharmacological interventions for borderline personality disorder. *Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews*, *5*(5), CD012928. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012928.pub2
* Pfohl, B. (2018). The Many Faces of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Historical and Contemporary Review. *Psychiatric Clinics of North America*, *41*(4), 543–559. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.001
* Skodol, A. E. (2017). Clinical features of borderline personality disorder. *Psychiatric Clinics of North America*, *40*(2), 167–177. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.01.001
Q.
Is This Normal? Why Grief Impacts Your Body and Medically-Approved Next Steps
A.
Grief commonly affects the body, not just emotions, through a prolonged stress response that can disrupt sleep, immunity, digestion, hormones, and heart function, so fatigue, chest tightness, stomach issues, headaches, and brain fog are often normal. There are several factors to consider. See below for specific red flags that need urgent medical care and medically approved next steps for recovery, including how to protect sleep, eat regularly, use gentle movement and social support, limit substances, and when to schedule a checkup.
References:
* Stroebe M, Stroebe W, Schut H. Physical Symptoms in Bereavement: A Narrative Review. Omega (Westport). 2017 Aug;75(4):393-421. PMID: 26475850.
* Buckley T, Stott R, Stott J. Bereavement and Cardiovascular Disease: An Updated Review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Jul 2;8(13):e012984. PMID: 31242784.
* Vedhara K, McDermott M, Koopman C, Lightman S. Grief and the immune system: an updated review. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2015 Jun;17(2):161-71. PMID: 26236262.
* Simon NM, Marmar CR, Shear MK, Zisook S, Shelton RC, First MB, et al. Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Prolonged Grief Disorder: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry. 2022 Mar 28;13:843187. PMID: 35411130.
* O'Connor MF, Schultze-Lutter F, Schimmelmann BG. The Neurobiology of Grief. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2020;46:167-183. PMID: 31713028.
Q.
Struggling to Heal? Why Your Body is Storing ACEs and Clinical Next Steps
A.
There are several factors to consider. See below to understand more. Early adversity can lock the nervous, immune, and hormonal systems into a high-alert pattern that the body effectively "stores," increasing risk of pain, fatigue, digestive issues, mood symptoms, and chronic disease; next steps include trauma-informed medical care, therapies that regulate the nervous system such as CBT, EMDR, and somatic work, medical screening and treatment for inflammation and co-occurring conditions, and stabilizing sleep, activity, nutrition, and social connection.
References:
* Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., ... & Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Study. *American Journal of Preventive Medicine*, *14*(4), 245-258.
* Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006). The enduring impact of abuse and related adverse experiences on health: a paradigm shift? *Psychiatric Annals*, *36*(7), 546-553.
* Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, L. L., McGuinn, P. S., ... & Committee on Early Childhood, Adoption, and Dependent Care. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. *Pediatrics*, *129*(1), e232-e246.
* Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, O. R., ... & Lloyd, J. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. *The Lancet Public Health*, *2*(8), e356-e366.
* Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load, and age-related disease. *Physiology & Behavior*, *222*, 112918.
Q.
Is it Borderline Personality Disorder? Why You Spiral & Clinical Next Steps
A.
There are several factors to consider. BPD is a long-term pattern of intense emotional instability, unstable relationships, impulsivity, and identity disturbance, but spirals can also come from depression, bipolar disorder, PTSD, anxiety, ADHD, substance use, or stress-related adjustment problems. Next steps include tracking patterns, getting a professional evaluation, and asking about DBT, with urgent help for any self-harm risk; see below for full criteria, differential clues, and step-by-step guidance that could affect your care plan.
References:
* Srivastava, P., & Singh, P. (2023). Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview. *Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research*, *17*(5).
* Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M. (2014). A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: Elaborating and extending the theory. *Psychological Bulletin*, *140*(3), 910–963.
* Cristea, I. A., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2018). Efficacy of psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: an umbrella review of the evidence. *World Psychiatry*, *17*(2), 173–182.
* Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Kächele, H., & Strauss, B. (2021). The challenge of diagnosing and treating borderline personality disorder. *Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics*, *90*(1), 1-12.
* Walter, M., & Schäfer, I. (2016). Neurobiology of Borderline Personality Disorder. *Current Psychiatry Reports*, *18*(2), 19.
Q.
Is it BPD? Why Your Emotions Feel Out of Control and Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Intense, unpredictable emotions can be BPD, but there are several factors to consider; see below to understand more. BPD is diagnosed when persistent patterns like fear of abandonment, unstable relationships, impulsivity, mood swings, and chronic emptiness significantly impair life, and similar symptoms can also come from stress, trauma, depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD, hormonal shifts, substance use, or sleep problems. For medically approved next steps, see below for guidance on ruling out medical causes with a primary care visit, tracking triggers and durations, using screening tools, starting therapy such as DBT even without a diagnosis, and seeking urgent help for self-harm or suicidal thoughts.
References:
* Gunderson, J. G., & Links, P. S. (2017). Diagnosis and Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update. *Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience*, *14*(7-8), 12–19.
* Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2019). Emotion Dysregulation in Borderline Personality Disorder. *The Psychiatric Clinics of North America*, *42*(2), 167–179.
* Barnicot, K., & Crawford, M. (2018). Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review of the Evidence. *Current Psychiatry Reports*, *20*(8), 66.
* Stamatios, D., & George, C. (2019). Pharmacological Management of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review. *Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences*, *73*(3), 102–111.
* Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E., & Winkelbach, C. (2018). Borderline Personality Disorder: A Critical Review. *JAMA Psychiatry*, *75*(7), 737–744.
Q.
Struggling in love? The science of attachment styles and clinical next steps.
A.
Research-backed attachment styles secure, anxious, avoidant, and disorganized explain repeating relationship patterns and stress responses, and they can change with secure bonds, therapy, and skills that improve emotional regulation. Clinical next steps can include attachment-focused therapy such as CBT, EFT, psychodynamic or trauma-focused care, screening for anxiety, depression, PTSD, or Adjustment Disorder, and an honest safety check for abuse or incompatibility while building supportive connections. There are several factors to consider and important nuances that may change your healthcare next steps; see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2016). Adult attachment and romantic relationships: Recent discoveries and future directions. *Current Opinion in Psychology*, *6*, 161–166.
* Gillath, O., & Karantzas, G. C. (2017). The science of attachment and the art of relationships: How attachment theory can help us understand, maintain, and improve our relationships. *Current Opinion in Psychology*, *13*, 111–115.
* Johnson, S. M. (2008). The attachment bond in couple therapy: connecting theory and practice. *Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session*, *64*(2), 167–177.
* Mallinckrodt, B. (2010). The science of attachment and emotion regulation: applying neuroscience to clinical practice. *Journal of Counseling & Development*, *88*(2), 170–178.
* Diamond, G. M., & Rosenthal, M. (2019). Attachment-based treatment for adolescent and adult depression: a comprehensive review. *Journal of Affective Disorders*, *250*, 141–154.
Q.
Stuck in Negative Cycles? How Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Rewires Your Brain + Medically Approved Next Steps
A.
Cognitive behavioral therapy is a structured, evidence-based approach that rewires negative thought, emotion, and behavior loops by strengthening rational pathways, reducing overactive threat responses, and building skills for emotional regulation and action. Medically approved next steps include speaking with a doctor to rule out medical causes, getting a referral to a CBT therapist, and considering combined treatment with medication alongside sleep, nutrition, movement, and pattern tracking. There are several factors to consider that could change the right plan for you; see complete details and step-by-step guidance below.
References:
* Quidé Y, Chen J, Al-Jamil M, et al. Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: A Systematic Review of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020 Jan;5(1):16-29. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jun 21. PMID: 31395568.
* Quidé Y, Wards D, Jamil M, et al. Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review. Transl Psychiatry. 2017 Oct 10;7(10):e1250. doi: 10.1038/tp.2017.189. PMID: 29019973; PMCID: PMC5660505.
* David D, Cristea I, Hofmann SG. Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the most widely used evidence-based psychotherapy. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2018 Sep;41(3):395-402. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2017.11.006. Epub 2018 Jun 20. PMID: 30100028.
* Funes C, Delvecchio G, Soares JC, et al. The neurobiology of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of the evidence. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021 Jun 28;14:1003-1017. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S274116. PMID: 34239339; PMCID: PMC8252271.
* Ehlers A. Cognitive behavioral therapy and the brain: A review of recent evidence. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2018 Sep;31(5):376-382. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000412. PMID: 29846206.
Q.
Emotions Like Raw Nerves? The Science of BPD & Medically-Approved Next Steps
A.
BPD can make emotions feel like raw nerves because of real brain differences that heighten threat sensitivity and slow emotional cool down, yet it is a diagnosable condition that often improves with evidence-based care. There are several factors to consider for next steps, including getting a professional evaluation, starting DBT or similar therapies, knowing when medication can help, distinguishing BPD from stress-related conditions like Adjustment Disorder, and recognizing red flags that need urgent care. See the complete, medically approved guidance below to choose the safest and most effective path forward.
References:
* Leichsenring, F., & Kunst, H. (2022). Borderline Personality Disorder: From Pathophysiology to Evidence-Based Treatment. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 20(3), 295–307.
* Leichsenring, F., Leibing, E., & Salzer, S. (2021). Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: An Updated Review. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 19(1), 17–25.
* Ruocco, P. R., & Ambler, C. (2020). The neurobiology of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 43(4), 589–601.
* Srivastava, A., & Gunderson, J. G. (2020). What Works for Borderline Personality Disorder: An Update on Evidence-Based Treatments. Current Psychiatry Reports, 22(8), 41.
* Silk, K. R. (2018). The role of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 41(4), 701–711.
Q.
Stages of Grief After 65: A Guide to Healing and Your Health
A.
There are several stages and health factors to consider after 65; grief is not linear and you may move among denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, with later-life changes shaping how you feel and heal. See below for key details that can affect your next steps, including how grief may impact heart and immune health, when to speak to a doctor, practical coping strategies, and ways to screen for issues like adjustment disorder.
References:
* Stroebe M, Schut H. The Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement: Rationale and Description. Death Stud. 1999;23(3):197-224. doi: 10.1080/074811899200733. PMID: 10629734.
* Lee S, Choi N, Seo J, et al. Bereavement and physical health in older adults: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 2021 Dec;77(12):4746-4761. doi: 10.1111/jan.14972. Epub 2021 Jul 15. PMID: 34211116.
* Abramson LS, Shear MK. Complicated grief in older adults: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment. J Clin Geropsychol. 2011;5(3):175-184. Epub 2011 Jun 24. PMID: 22026857.
* Carr D, Wortman CB. Resilience in late-life bereavement: A systematic review. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 May;17(5):349-62. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31819d9b62. PMID: 19445100.
* Lund DA. Bereavement in Older Adulthood: A Review of the Literature. J Gerontol Soc Work. 2015;58(2):162-177. doi: 10.1080/01634372.2014.996191. Epub 2015 Feb 12. PMID: 25674720.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1References
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