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Lower left abdominal pain
Lower abdominal pain
Pelvic pain
Lower right abdominal pain
Stomach cramps
Stomach ache
Pelvic girdle pain
Painful urination
Hurts to pee
Pain during sex
Spotting between periods
Bleeding between periods
Not seeing your symptoms? No worries!
A sexually transmitted infectious disease. It can cause abnormal vaginal or penile discharge and pain in the pubic area, but most infections have no symptoms. Chlamydia infection can also cause infertility and ectopic pregnancies and can be transmitted to the throat and rectum.
Your doctor may ask these questions to check for this disease:
Treatment involves antibiotics. Although chlamydia is curable, it's important to avoid sex during treatment and to stay protected to prevent future episodes.
Reviewed By:
Scott Nass, MD, MPA, FAAFP, AAHIVS (Primary Care)
Dr. Nass received dual medical degrees from the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Charles R. Drew University in Medicine and Science. He completed Family Medicine residency at Ventura County Medical Center with subsequent fellowships at Ventura, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, George Washington University, and University of California-Irvine. He holds faculty appointments at Keck School of Medicine of USC, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Western University of Health Sciences.
Yoshinori Abe, MD (Internal Medicine)
Dr. Abe graduated from The University of Tokyo School of Medicine in 2015. He completed his residency at the Tokyo Metropolitan Health and Longevity Medical Center. He co-founded Ubie, Inc. in May 2017, where he currently serves as CEO & product owner at Ubie. Since December 2019, he has been a member of the Special Committee for Activation of Research in Emergency AI of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine. | | Dr. Abe has been elected in the 2020 Forbes 30 Under 30 Asia Healthcare & Science category.
Content updated on Feb 19, 2025
Following the Medical Content Editorial Policy
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Q.
A Silent Fire? Why It’s Not Just Stress and Clinical Steps to Clear Chlamydia
A.
Chlamydia is a very common, often silent STI that can feel like stress, yet it is curable with prompt testing, a 7 day doxycycline course, no sex until completion, partner treatment, and retesting at about 3 months to prevent complications like PID and infertility. There are several factors to consider, including who should be screened, pregnancy safe options, urgent warning signs, reinfection risks, and prevention; see below for complete, step by step guidance that could change your next healthcare steps.
References:
* Alberts, H. (2023). "The silent epidemic" - Chlamydia trachomatis: current global status and future health challenges. *The Pan African Medical Journal, 44*, 208. PMID: 37341399
* Bíró, L., Rákóczi, J., & Balla, P. (2022). Chlamydia trachomatis: the silent enemy and risk factors of its infection. *International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19*(21), 14389. PMID: 36361230
* Brunham, R. C., Rekart, M., & Wylie, J. (2022). Update on the treatment and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. *Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 20*(4), 487-498. PMID: 34994270
* Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, R. B., Muzny, P. M., Reno, H., ... & Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. (2021). Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. *MMWR. Recommendations and Reports: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports, 70*(4), 1-187. PMID: 34292926
* Morré, S. A. (2020). Pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis in the Female Reproductive Tract: From Acute Infection to Chronic Sequelae. *Cells, 9*(12), 2697. PMID: 33322080
Q.
Amoxicillin for Women: Vital Side Effects & Your Essential Next Steps
A.
Amoxicillin is generally safe and effective for women, but watch for nausea, diarrhea, rashes, and vaginal yeast infections, and seek urgent care for severe allergy, persistent watery or bloody diarrhea, or signs of liver or kidney problems. There are several factors to consider, including taking it exactly as prescribed, birth control reliability during vomiting or diarrhea, pregnancy and breastfeeding use, and when to follow up if symptoms persist or suggest an STI; see the complete next steps and key details below.
References:
* Liu B, Fang H, Lin X, et al. Antibiotic Use During Pregnancy and Risk of Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep 13;71(6):1549-1563. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa667. PMID: 32943477.
* Kaplan YC, Unal S, Cizmeci C. Antibiotic use during breastfeeding: safe or not? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Jun;31(12):1658-1662. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1326444. Epub 2017 May 17. PMID: 29517176.
* Nageshan H, Anusha K, Aruna K, et al. Risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case-control study. J Res Med Sci. 2022 Jan 28;27:14. doi: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_501_21. PMID: 35160400; PMCID: PMC8822501.
* Deshpande A, Gao C, Zhang P, et al. Antibiotic Use and Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 May 29;8(6):ofab276. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab276. PMID: 34217316; PMCID: PMC8245789.
* Pichler W, Besch D, Caubet JC. Amoxicillin-induced drug rash: current data on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Allergy. 2019 Apr;74(4):659-668. doi: 10.1111/all.13670. Epub 2019 Feb 10. PMID: 30740940.
Q.
Chlamydia in Women 30-45: Key Symptoms & Your Action Plan
A.
Chlamydia in women 30 to 45 is common and often silent; when symptoms appear, they can include unusual discharge, bleeding between or after sex, pain with sex, burning urination, pelvic or rectal pain, or fever. Act now by getting tested, completing antibiotics as prescribed, avoiding sex until treatment is done, making sure partners are treated, and arranging follow-up testing; seek urgent care for severe pelvic pain, high fever, fainting, or possible ectopic pregnancy signs. There are several factors to consider that could change your next steps, including risks, screening timing, fertility and pregnancy impacts, and prevention choices, so see the complete guidance below.
References:
* Paudyal P, Thapa SR, Neupane S, Aryal B. Update on Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: An Overview. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023 Dec;42(12):1427-1433. doi: 10.1007/s10096-023-04705-z. Epub 2023 Oct 9. PMID: 37812920.
* Nargi N, Jabbari B, De Paolis S, Giancola F, De Vito V, Ortuondo E, Ricci M, Ortuondo L. Asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Women: A Narrative Review of the Literature. Microorganisms. 2023 Nov 20;11(11):2761. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11112761. PMID: 38004523; PMCID: PMC10674251.
* Unemo M, Jensen JS, Salado-Reyes R, Stary A, van de Laar MJW, van der Veere J, van der Helm JJ. European guideline for the management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Int J STD AIDS. 2021 Oct;32(11):985-998. doi: 10.1177/09564624211026038. Epub 2021 Jun 17. PMID: 34137351.
* Ross J, Smith C. Pelvic inflammatory disease: A comprehensive review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021 Oct;61(5):669-676. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13401. Epub 2021 Aug 16. PMID: 34398509.
* Unemo M, Hadad R, Al-Gannass K, Bularga A, Jensen JS, Jevert S, Le Roy C, Malandrin L, Manavi K, Stary A, Sundqvist M. Molecular Diagnostics for Chlamydia trachomatis. Pathogens. 2023 Sep 25;12(10):1179. doi: 10.3390/pathogens12101179. PMID: 37895473; PMCID: PMC10609353.
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Link to full study:
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.29.24312810v1Torrone E, Papp J, Weinstock H, (2014). Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection among persons aged 14-39 years--United States, 2007-2012. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25254560/Hocking JS, Geisler WM, Kong FYS (2021). Update on the Epidemiology, Screening, and Management of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection. Infectious disease clinics of North America.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37005162/Malhotra M, Sood S, Mukherjee A, Muralidhar S, Bala M (2013). Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: an update. The Indian journal of medical research.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24135174/